Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rǫka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ránkāˀ.

Noun

*rǫkà f^[1]^[2]

hand; arm

Declension

Declension of *rǫkà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rǫkà	*rǫ̑cě	*rǫ̑ky
genitive	*rǫký	*rǫkù	*rǫ̃kъ
dative	*rǫcě̀	*rǫkàma	*rǫkàmъ
accusative	*rǫ̑kǫ	*rǫ̑cě	*rǫ̑ky
instrumental	*rǫkojǫ́	*rǫkàma	*rǫkàmi
locative	*rǫ̑cě	*rǫkù	rǫkàsъ, rǫkàxъ^*
vocative	*rǫko	*rǫ̑cě	*rǫ̑ky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

*obrǫčь (“wrist, bracelet, ring”)
*rǫkavъ (“sleeve”)
- *rǫkavica (“glove”)
*rǫčica (“(a small) hand”)
*porǫčiti, *zarǫčiti (“to hand to, to leave to somebody, to order to someone”)
- *porǫčenьje, *porǫka, *zarǫka (“order, errand”),
*narǫčь (“armful”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: рѫка (rǫka), рука (ruka)
  - Old Ruthenian: рука́ (ruká)
    - Belarusian: рука́ (ruká)
    - Carpathian Rusyn: рука́ (ruká)
    - Ukrainian: рука́ (ruká)
  - Russian: рука́ (ruká)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: рѫка (rǫka)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱃⱘⰽⰰ (rǫka)
- Bulgarian: ръка́ (rǎká), (dialectal) ръ́нка (rǎ́nka)
- Macedonian: рака (raka)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ру́ка
  
  Latin script: rúka
  - Slavomolisano: ruka
- Slovene: róka (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: ruka
  - Czech: ruka
- Old Polish: ręka
  - Masurian: rénkä
  - Polish: ręka
  - Silesian: rynka
- Slovak: ruka
- Polabian: rǫkă
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: rãka
  - Slovincian: rãka
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: ruka
  - Lower Sorbian: ruka

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*rǭkà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 439
^ EDSIL has *rǭkà with accent paradigm c, but Dybo's law did not apply to mobile paradigms, and thus could not have produced pretonic length. No length is reflected in Czech, Slovak or Polish, where it would be expected.

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*rǭkà”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 439

[2] EDSIL has *rǭkà with accent paradigm c, but Dybo's law did not apply to mobile paradigms, and thus could not have produced pretonic length. No length is reflected in Czech, Slovak or Polish, where it would be expected.

[1]

[2]