Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/rъžь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *rugís, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís. Related to Lithuanian rugỹs, Latvian rudzis, Old Prussian rugis, Proto-Germanic *rugiz (see Old Norse rugr, English rye).

Noun

*rъžь f

rye (plant)

Declension

Declension of *rъ̏žь (i-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*rъ̏žь	*rъ̏ži	*rъ̏ži
genitive	*rъží	rъžьjù, rъžu^*	*rъžь̀jь
dative	*rъ̏ži	*rъžьmà	*rъ̏žьmъ
accusative	*rъ̏žь	*rъ̏ži	*rъ̏ži
instrumental	*rъžьjǫ́	*rъžьmà	*rъžьmì
locative	*rъží	rъžьjù, rъžu^*	*rъ̏žьxъ
vocative	*rъži	*rъ̏ži	*rъ̏ži

^* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ръжь (rŭžĭ)
  - Old Ruthenian: рожъ (rož), рожь (rožʹ)
    - Belarusian: аржа f (arža) (obsolete, rare, 1851)
    - Ukrainian: ріж (riž) (dialectal)
  - Russian: рожь (rožʹ)
    - → Armenian: արիշ (ariš) (via a Kipchak language)
    - → Bashkir: арыш (arış)
    - → Crimean Tatar: арыш / arış
    - → Kildin Sami: ро̄шшь (rōšš’)
    - → Tatar: арыш (arış)
    - → Yakut: оруос (oruos)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: ръжь (rŭžĭ)
- Bulgarian: ръж (rǎž)
- Macedonian: ’рж (’rž)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ра̑ж
  
  Latin script: rȃž
- Slovene: ȓž, rəž (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: rež
  - Czech: rež
    - Moravian (Mistřice): réš
- Polabian: raz
- Kashubian: reż
- Old Polish: reż
  - Silesian: reż
- Slovak: raž
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: rež
  - Upper Sorbian: rož

→ Hungarian: rozs (from some Slavic source)

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “рожь”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress