Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/samъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *sāmas, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.

Pronoun

*samъ

self, oneself, alone

Declension

Declension of *samъ (hard pronominal)

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*samъ	*sama	*samo
Accusative	*samъ	*samǫ	*samo
Genitive	*samogo	*samoję̇	*samogo
Locative	*samomь	*samoji	*samomь
Dative	*samomu	*samoji	*samomu
Instrumental	*saměmь	*samojǫ	*saměmь
Dual	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*sama	*samě	*samě
Accusative	*sama	*samě	*samě
Genitive	*samoju	*samoju	*samoju
Locative	*samoju	*samoju	*samoju
Dative	*saměma	*saměma	*saměma
Instrumental	*saměma	*saměma	*saměma
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*sami	*samy	*sama
Accusative	*samy	*samy	*sama
Genitive	*saměxъ	*saměxъ	*saměxъ
Locative	*saměxъ	*saměxъ	*saměxъ
Dative	*saměmъ	*saměmъ	*saměmъ
Instrumental	*saměmi	*saměmi	*saměmi

Derived terms

*samota (“loneliness”)
*samotьnъ (“lonely”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: самъ (samŭ)
  - Belarusian: сам (sam)
  - Russian: сам (sam)
  - Ukrainian: сам (sam)
- Old Novgorodian: саме (same)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: самъ (samŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⱄⰰⰿⱏ (samŭ)
- Bulgarian: сам (sam)
- Macedonian: сам (sam)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: са̑м
  
  Latin script: sȃm
- Slovene: sam
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: sám
  - Czech: sám
- Old Polish: sam
  - Masurian: sam
  - Polish: sam
  - Silesian: sōm
- Slovak: sám
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: sóm
  - Slovincian: sóm
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: sam
  - Lower Sorbian: sam