Belarusian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [sam]
  • Audio:(file)

Pronoun

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сам (samm

  1. (definitive pronoun, emphatic) self, -self

Declension

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Bulgarian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Adjective

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сам (sam) (adverb са́мо)

  1. alone, by oneself
  2. the very ..., the ... himself/herself/itself
    на сами́я край
    na samíja kraj
    at the very end
    сама́та жена́ дойде́
    samáta žená dojdé
    the woman herself came
Declension
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Derived terms
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References

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  • сам (прил.)”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
  • сам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
  • Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “сам¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 453

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Old Church Slavonic сѣмъ (sěmŭ), an oblique case form of сѣмо (sěmo, here, hither), from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. The unexpected vowel in modern Bulgarian is likely by analogy with там (tam, there) and its derived terms.

Adverb

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сам (sam) (not comparable) (archaic or dialectal)

  1. with beckoning verbs in the imperative: here, in this place
    Ела́ сам!Elá sam!Come here!
Derived terms
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References

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Anagrams

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Kalmyk

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Mongolian сам (sam), Buryat һам (ham), Dongxiang san.

Noun

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сам (sam)

  1. comb

Macedonian

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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сам (sam) (comparative посам, superlative најсам, diminutive самичок, abstract noun самотија)

  1. alone, by oneself

Declension

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Declension of сам
positive masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite сам (sam) сама (sama) само (samo) сами (sami)
definite unspecified самиот (samiot) самата (samata) самото (samoto) самите (samite)
definite proximal самиов (samiov) самава (samava) самово (samovo) самиве (samive)
definite distal самион (samion) самана (samana) самоно (samono) самине (samine)
comparative masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite посам (posam) посама (posama) посамо (posamo) посами (posami)
definite unspecified посамиот (posamiot) посамата (posamata) посамото (posamoto) посамите (posamite)
definite proximal посамиов (posamiov) посамава (posamava) посамово (posamovo) посамиве (posamive)
definite distal посамион (posamion) посамана (posamana) посамоно (posamono) посамине (posamine)
superlative masculine feminine neuter plural
indefinite најсам (najsam) најсама (najsama) најсамо (najsamo) најсами (najsami)
definite unspecified најсамиот (najsamiot) најсамата (najsamata) најсамото (najsamoto) најсамите (najsamite)
definite proximal најсамиов (najsamiov) најсамава (najsamava) најсамово (najsamovo) најсамиве (najsamive)
definite distal најсамион (najsamion) најсамана (najsamana) најсамоно (najsamono) најсамине (najsamine)

Mongolian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Mongolic *sam, compare Buryat һам (ham), Kalmyk сам (sam), Dongxiang san.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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сам (sam) (Mongolian spelling ᠰᠠᠮ (sam), definite plural самнууд); (hidden-n declension)

  1. comb

Derived terms

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Northern Mansi

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Mansi *šäm, ultimately from Proto-Uralic *śilmä.[1]

Pronunciation

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  This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

Noun

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сам (sam) (Sosva, Upper Lozva, Sygva, Ob)

  1. eye
  2. seed

Declension

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Sosva:

Inflection of сам (sam)
singular dual plural
nominative сам (sam) самыг (samyg) самыт (samyt)
locative самт (samt) самыгт (samygt) самытт (samytt)
lative самн (samn) самыгн (samygn) самытн (samytn)
ablative самныл (samnyl) самыгныл (samygnyl) самытныл (samytnyl)
instrumental самыл (samyl) самыгныл (samygnyl) самытыл (samytyl)
translative самыг (samyg) ―― ――
caritive самта̄л (samtāl) ―― ――
Possessive forms of сам (sam)
possessor single possession double possession multiple possession
1st person sing. самум (samum) самагум (samagum) саманум (samanum)
2rd person sing. самын (samyn) самагын (samagyn) саман (saman)
3rd person sing. саме (same) самаге (samage) саманэ (samanè)
1st person dual самме̄н (sammēn) самагаме̄н (samagamēn) саманаме̄н (samanamēn)
2rd person dual самы̄н (samȳn) самагы̄н (samagȳn) саманы̄н (samanȳn)
3rd person dual саме̄ (samē) самаге̄н (samagēn) саманэ̄н (samanè̄n)
1st person plural самув (samuv) самагув (samaguv) саманув (samanuv)
2rd person plural самы̄н (samȳn) самагы̄н (samagȳn) саманы̄н (samanȳn)
3rd person plural саманыл (samanyl) самага̄ныл (samagānyl) сама̄ныл (samānyl)

Upper Lozva:

Inflection of сам (sam)
singular dual plural
nominative сам (sam) самый (samyj) самыт (samyt)
locative самт (samt) самыййт (samyjjt) самытт (samytt)
lative самн (samn) самыййн (samyjjn) самытн (samytn)
ablative самныл (samnyl) самыййныл (samyjjnyl) самытныл (samytnyl)
instrumental самыл (samyl) самыййныл (samyjjnyl) самытыл (samytyl)
translative самый (samyj) ―― ――
caritive самта̄л (samtāl) ―― ――
Possessive forms of сам (sam)
possessor single possession double possession multiple possession
1st person sing. самум (samum) самайум (samajum) саманум (samanum)
2rd person sing. самын (samyn) самайын (samajyn) саман (saman)
3rd person sing. саме (same) самайе (samaje) саманэ (samanè)
1st person dual самме̄н (sammēn) самайаме̄н (samajamēn) саманаме̄н (samanamēn)
2rd person dual самы̄н (samȳn) самагы̄н (samagȳn) саманы̄н (samanȳn)
3rd person dual саме̄ (samē) самайе̄н (samajēn) саманэ̄н (samanè̄n)
1st person plural самув (samuv) самайув (samajuv) саманув (samanuv)
2rd person plural самы̄н (samȳn) самайы̄н (samajȳn) саманы̄н (samanȳn)
3rd person plural саманыл (samanyl) самайа̄ныл (samajānyl) сама̄ныл (samānyl)

References

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  • Afanasʹjeva, K. V., Sobjanina, S. A. (2012) “сам”, in Školʹnyj mansijsko-russkij slovarʹ [Mansi-Russian school dictionary], Khanty-Mansiysk: RIO IRO
  1. ^ Entry #964 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.

Russian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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сам (samm (neuter само́, feminine сама́, plural са́ми)

  1. (definitive pronoun, emphatic) self, -self
    Я сам э́то ви́дел.
    Ja sam éto vídel.
    I saw it myself.
    Само́ госуда́рство так реши́ло.
    Samó gosudárstvo tak rešílo.
    The State itself has so decided.

Declension

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Southern Yukaghir: сам (sam), саам (sām)

Serbo-Croatian

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Adjective

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са̑м (Latin spelling sȃm, definite са̑мӣ)

  1. alone, sole
  2. the very
  3. unaided, single-handed
  4. absolute, mere, unmixed
  5. solitary, secluded
Declension
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indefinite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative сам сама само
genitive сама саме сама
dative саму самој саму
accusative inanimate
animate
сам
сама
саму само
vocative сам сама само
locative саму самој саму
instrumental самим самом самим
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative сами саме сама
genitive самих самих самих
dative самим(а) самим(а) самим(а)
accusative саме саме сама
vocative сами саме сама
locative самим(а) самим(а) самим(а)
instrumental самим(а) самим(а) самим(а)
definite forms
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative сами сама само
genitive самог(а) саме самог(а)
dative самом(у/е) самој самом(у/е)
accusative inanimate
animate
сами
самог(а)
саму само
vocative сами сама само
locative самом(е/у) самој самом(е/у)
instrumental самим самом самим
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative сами саме сама
genitive самих самих самих
dative самим(а) самим(а) самим(а)
accusative саме саме сама
vocative сами саме сама
locative самим(а) самим(а) самим(а)
instrumental самим(а) самим(а) самим(а)

Etymology 2

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-.

Verb

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са̏м (Latin spelling sȁm)

  1. first-person singular present enclitic of би̏ти
    Ту сам.I'm here.

Southern Yukaghir

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Russian сам (sam).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈsam]
  • Rhymes: -am
  • Hyphenation: сам

Pronoun

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сам (sam)

  1. self, -self
    • 2007, M. I. Turpanova, Раньше, когда мы были маленькие [Before, when we were little]:
      Титтэ сам иҥдьэҥитэй, - мони.
      Titte sam iŋdʹeŋitej, - moni.
      They will sew it themselves, - he said.

References

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  • Elena Maslova (2003) A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 26

Ukrainian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Slavic *samъ.

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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сам (samm

  1. (definitive pronoun, emphatic) self, -self

Declension

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Further reading

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