Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/stukъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

• *stǫkъ

Etymology

Either onomatopoeic or from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tew- (“to beat, to strike”) + *-kъ.

Compare Latvian stukât (“to walk with small steps (for children)”), Lithuanian stū́koti (“to knock, to pound”) (with accute perhaps due to influence from stū́gti).

Forms with nasal vocalism (in West Slavic) may be instead from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to thunder, to groan”), whence Proto-Slavic *stonъ.

Noun

*stukъ m

1. knock, crack, tap (loud harsh noise)

   Synonyms: (onomatopoeic) *bukъ, *pukъ, *čukъ, *krokotъ

Declension

Declension of *stȗkъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*stȗkъ	*stȗka	*stȗci
genitive	*stȗka	*stukù	*stũkъ
dative	*stȗku	*stukomà	*stukòmъ
accusative	*stȗkъ	*stȗka	*stȗky
instrumental	*stȗkъmь, *stȗkomь*	*stukomà	*stuký
locative	*stȗcě	*stukù	*stucě̃xъ
vocative	*stuče	*stȗka	*stȗci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *stukati, *stuknǫti (“to knock, to tap”)
  • *stukačь (“knocker, pecker (agent)”)
  • *stukadlo (“knocker, hammer (tool)”)
• *stukotъ (“sound of tapping”)
• *perstukъ
• *postukъ

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: стукъ (stukŭ)
    • Belarusian: стук (stuk)
    • Russian: стук (stuk)
      • ⇒ пересту́к (perestúk), просту́к (prostúk)
    • Ukrainian: стук (stuk)
      • ⇒ пере́стук (peréstuk), по́стук (póstuk)
• South Slavic:
  • Serbian Church Slavonic: стоукъ (stukŭ, “ring”)
• West Slavic:
  • Polish: stuk, stęk

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “стук”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (2006), “стук”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 5 (Р – Т), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 458
• “stūgti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012