Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vortъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Action noun of *vortiti (“to return”) +‎ *-ъ, parallel to the 0-grade form *vьrtъ.

Noun

*vȏrtъ m

1. turn, revolution, cycle, fluctuation
2. (by extension) rotational element (rotor, wing, wheel)

Declension

Declension of *vȏrtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vȏrtъ	*vȏrta	*vȏrti
Accusative	*vȏrtъ	*vȏrta	*vȏrty
Genitive	*vȏrta	*vortù	*võrtъ
Locative	*vȏrtě	*vortù	*vortě̃xъ
Dative	*vȏrtu	*vortomà	*vortòmъ
Instrumental	*vȏrtъmь, *vȏrtomь*	*vortomà	*vortý
Vocative	*vorte	*vȏrta	*vȏrti

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *jьzvortъ (“deviation”)
• *obortъ (“return, comeback”)
• *otъvortъ (“repulsion”)
• *orzvortъ (“wobble, fluctuation; loose behaviour”)
• *povortъ (“turning point”)
• *uvortъ (“span, arc”)
• *kolovortъ (“rotor, wheel axis”)
• *krǫgovortъ (“cycle”)
• *vortъkъ (“unstable, prone to fluctuations”)

Related terms

• *vorto sg, *vorta pl (“gate”)
• *vьrtъ (“turn; garden”)
• *vьrtъpъ (“whirlpool; cave, depression”)

Descendants

• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: вратъ (vratŭ)
    • → Old East Slavic: вратъ (vratŭ, “rotor, wheel”)
  • Bulgarian: врат (vrat) (obsolete)
• West Slavic:
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: wrót

Etymology 2

An agentive o-grade noun of *vьrtě̀ti (“to rotate”) +‎ *-ъ, probably originally meaning “movable, flexible joint”.

Noun

*vȏrtъ m

1. neck

   Synonyms: *kъrkъ, *šija, *vyja

Declension

Declension of *vortъ (u-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vortъ	*vorty	*vortove
Accusative	*vortъ	*vorty	*vorty
Genitive	*vortu	*vortovu	*vortovъ
Locative	*vortu	*vortovu	*vortъxъ
Dative	*vortovi	*vortъma	*vortъmъ
Instrumental	*vortъmь	*vortъma	*vortъmi
Vocative	*vortu	*vorty	*vortove

Declension of *vortъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*vortъ	*vorta	*vorti
Accusative	*vortъ	*vorta	*vorty
Genitive	*vorta	*vortu	*vortъ
Locative	*vortě	*vortu	*vortěxъ
Dative	*vortu	*vortoma	*vortomъ
Instrumental	*vortъmь, *vortomь*	*vortoma	*vorty
Vocative	*vorte	*vorta	*vorti

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *vortьcь, *vortikъ (diminutive)
• *vortišče (augmentative)
• *kovortъ (“collar”)
• *šivovortъ (“neckless, collar”)
• *vortьnъ, *vortovъ (relative adjective)
  • *vortina, *vortьnica (“neckband, collar”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: воротъ (vorotŭ)
    • Russian: во́рот (vórot, “collar”)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: врат (vrat)
  • Macedonian: врат (vrat)
  • Serbo-Croatian::

    Cyrillic: вра̑т

    Latin: vrȃt

  • Slovene: vrȃt (tonal orthography)

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “ворот”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
• Georgiev V. I., editor (1971), “врат”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 181