Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/vorta

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Fossilized plural form of Proto-Balto-Slavic *wárta n (possibly *warˀtá n), cognate with Old Prussian warto pl (“house door”). Attested as masc. gender in Lithuanian var̃tai pl (“house gates”), Latvian vàrti pl (“house gates”) (technically from an earlier *wártas m). Formally resembles Proto-Slavic *vortъ (“turn, rotational element”)^[1] (a derivative of *vьrtěti (“to rotate”)), but probably ultimately from the root of Proto-Slavic *verti (“to shove, to enclose”)^[2].

Noun

*vōrtà or *vortà n pl^[1]^[2]^[3]

(plural only) gate, doors

Inflection

Declension of *vōrtà (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b, plural only)

	plural
nominative	*vōrtà
genitive	*võrtъ
dative	*vōrtòmъ
accusative	*vōrtà
instrumental	*võrty
locative	*võrtěxъ
vocative	*vōrtà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *vortà (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c, plural only)

	plural
nominative	*vortà
genitive	*võrtъ
dative	*vortòmъ
accusative	*vortà
instrumental	*vortý
locative	*vortě̃xъ
vocative	*vortà

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

*vortьca, *vortica (diminutive)
*vortьňa (augmentative)
*vortařь, *vortьnikъ (“gate guardian”)

Related terms

*vorъ (“valve, closer”)
*verěja (“pivot, axle”)
*vortъ (“turn”)
*vьrtъ (“turn, revolution; garden”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: ворота (vorota)
  - Old Ruthenian: ворота (vorota)
    - Old Belarusian: ворота (vorota)
      - Belarusian: варо́ты (varóty)
    - Ukrainian: воро́та (voróta)
  - Russian: воро́та (voróta)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: врата (vrata)
  - → Russian: врата́ (vratá)
- Bulgarian: врата́ (vratá)
- Macedonian: врата (vrata)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: вра́та
  
  Latin script: vráta
- Slovene: vráta
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: vrata
  - Czech: vrata
- Kashubian: wrota
- Polabian: vortă
- Old Polish: wrota
  - Polish: wrota
- Slovak: vráta
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: wrota, rota

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*vorta”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 529: “Npl. n. o (b/c) ‘door, gate’”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Snoj, Marko (2016) “vrata”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *vorta̋”
^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “vorta”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “(pl. tant.) b (NA 106f., 142; MP 25); c (SA; PR 138) gates”