Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xrěnъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*xrěnъ

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Unclear. Compare Ancient Greek κεράϊν (keráïn, “wild radish”) or Chuvash хӗрен (hĕren) (if not from East Slavic).

For the name compare:

• Radish: German Meerrettich (literally “foreign radish”), English horseradish.
• Root: French raifort (literally “strong root”), Portuguese raiz-forte (literally “strong root”).

Noun

*xrěnъ m

1. horseradish

Inflection

Declension of *xrěnъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm a)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xrěnъ	*xrě̀na	*xrě̀ni
genitive	*xrě̀na	*xrě̀nu	*xrě̀nъ
dative	*xrě̀nu	*xrě̀noma	*xrě̀nomъ
accusative	*xrěnъ	*xrě̀na	*xrě̀ny
instrumental	*xrě̀nъmь, *xrě̀nomь*	*xrě̀noma	*xrě̀nȳ
locative	*xrě̀ně	*xrě̀nu	*xrě̀ně̄xъ
vocative	*xrě̀ne	*xrě̀na	*xrě̀ni

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

See also

• *redьky (“radish”)

Derived terms

• *xrěnovъ (adj.)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ), хрѣнь (xrěnĭ)
    • Old Ruthenian: хрѣнъ (xrěn)
      • Belarusian: хрэн (xren)
      • Ukrainian: хрін (xrin)
    • Russian: хрен (xren), хрень (xrenʹ)
      • → Kyrgyz: хрен (hren)
      • → Erzya: крён (kŕon)
      • → Uzbek: xren
  • → Chuvash: хӗрен (hĕren) (possibly)
    • → Western Mari: ӹрӓн (ÿrän) (possibly)
    • → Bashkir: керән (possibly)
    • → Tatar: керән (kerän) (possibly)
  • → Lithuanian: kriẽnas, kriená
  • → Samogitian: krėins
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:
    • Church Slavonic: хрѣнъ (xrěnŭ) (Serbian)
  • Bulgarian: хрян (hrjan), рен (ren)
  • Macedonian: рен (ren)
  • Serbo-Croatian: хре̏н, ре̏н
  • Slovene: hrȅn (tonal orthography)
  • → Romanian: hrean
  • → Greek: χρένο (chréno), χράνος (chrános)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: chřěn, křěn
    • Czech: křen
  • Kashubian: chrzón, krzón
  • Polabian: xŕon
  • Old Polish: chrzan
    • Polish: chrzan
  • Slovak: chren
  • Slovincian: krzón
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: chrěn, krěn
    • Lower Sorbian: kśěn, chrěn
  • → Vilamovian: krejn
  • → Middle High German: krên, krêne, chrên
    • Bavarian: Kren
    • East Central German: Krên
    • German: Kren
      • → French: cran, cranson
      • → Italian: cren
  • → Venetian: cren

• Non-Slavic:
  • → Yiddish: כריין (khreyn), (Western Yiddish) קריין (kreyn), קרען (kren)
    • → Dutch: chrein
    • → English: chrain
  • → Esperanto: kreno

Further reading

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “хрен”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “хрен”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 356
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xrěnъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 91
• http://www.ruslang.ru/doc/etymology/1976/09-l%27vov.pdf
• http://vja.ruslang.ru/archive/1974-4.pdf#page=109