Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xyba

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Deverbal from *xybiti.

Noun

*xyba f

Declension

Declension of *xyba (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xyba	*xybě	*xyby
genitive	*xyby	*xybu	*xybъ
dative	*xybě	*xybama	*xybamъ
accusative	*xybǫ	*xybě	*xyby
instrumental	xybojǫ, xybǫ^**	*xybama	*xybami
locative	*xybě	*xybu	xybasъ, xybaxъ^*
vocative	*xybo	*xybě	*xyby

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old Ruthenian: хиба (xiba), хыба (xyba)
  - Belarusian: хі́ба (xíba), хіба́ (xibá) (particle, conjunction)
  - Ukrainian: хи́ба (xýba), хіба́ (xibá) (particle, conjunction)
- Russian: хи́ба (xíba) (particle, dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Slovene: híba (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Kashubian: chëba
- Masurian: chiba
- Old Czech: chyba
  - Czech: chyba
- Polish: chyba
- Silesian: chyba
- Slovak: chyba
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: chyba
  - Upper Sorbian: khiba
Non-Slavic:
- → Hungarian: hiba