Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/erk

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compare to Proto-Mongolic *erke. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*erk

1. authority
2. free will, independence

Declension

Declension of *erk

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*erk
Accusative	*erkni, *erkig 4), *erknig 1)
Genitive	*erkniŋ
Dative	*erkke
Locative	*erkde
Ablative	*erkden
Allative	*erkgerü
Instrumental 2)	*erkin
Equative 2)	*erkče
Similative 2)	*erkleyü
Comitative 2)	*erkligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Derived terms

• *erk-in (“free”)
• *erk-lig (“evil god in Turkic myth; authoritative”)
• *erk-siŕ (“unauthoritative”)

Descendants

• →? Proto-Mongolic: *erke
  • Mongolian: эрх (erx)
  • → Tuvan: эрге (erge)
• Oghur:
  • → Hungarian: erő

• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Azerbaijani: ərk
    • Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (erk)
      • Turkish: erk
  • Turkmen: erk
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (erk)
    • Chagatai: [script needed] (érk)
      • ⇒ Uyghur: ئەركىن (erkin)
      • Uzbek: erk
• Kypchak:
  • North Kypchak:
    • Bashkir: ирек (irek)
    • Tatar: ирек (irek)
    • → Chuvash: ирĕк (irĕk)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kipchak-Nogai:
      • Karakalpak: erik
      • Kazakh: ерік (erık)
      • Nogai: эрк (érk)
    • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      • Kyrgyz: эрк (erk), эрик (erik)
      • Southern Altai: эрик (erik)
  • West Kipchak:
    • ⇒ Crimean Tatar: erkin
    • ⇒ Karachay-Balkar: эркин (erkin)
    • ⇒ Kumyk: эркин (erkin)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰼𐰚 (r²k /⁠erk⁠/), 𐰼𐰃𐰚 (r²ik /⁠erik⁠/)
    • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (erk)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “er”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 220