Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kül

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*kül

1. ash

Declension

Declension of *kül

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kül
Accusative	*külni, *külüg 4), *külnig 1)
Genitive	*külniŋ
Dative	*külke
Locative	*külte
Ablative	*külten
Allative	*külgerü
Instrumental 2)	*külün
Equative 2)	*külče
Similative 2)	*külleyü
Comitative 2)	*küllügü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Common Turkic
  • Medieval:
    • Old Turkic: [script needed] (kül)
    • Karakhanid: كُلْ (kül)
  • Arghu:
    • Khalaj: kül
  • Oghuz:
    • Azerbaijani: kül
    • Turkmen: kül
    • Gagauz: kül
    • Ottoman Turkish: كول (kül)
      • Turkish: kül
    • Salar: kül
  • Karluk:
    • Uyghur: كۈل (kül)
    • Uzbek: kul
  • Kypchak:
    • North Kypchak:
      • Tatar: көл (köl)
      • Bashkir: көл (köl)
    • Kypchak-Cuman:
      • Crimean Tatar: kül
      • Karachay-Balkar: кюл (kül)
      • Kumyk: кюл (kül)
      • Karaim: kül
      • Krymchak: кӱль
    • Kypchak-Nogai:
      • Kazakh: күл (kül)
      • Nogai: куьл (kül)
      • Karakalpak: kúl
    • Kyrgyz–Kipchak
      • Kyrgyz: күл (kül)
      • Southern Altai: кӱл (kül)
  • Siberian
    • Yakut: күл (kül)
    • Tuvan: хүл (xül)
    • Khakas: кӱл (kül)
    • Shor: кӱл
• Oghur
  • Chuvash: кӗл (kĕl)

References

• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kül”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill