كل

See also: کل, کُل, گل, and گُل

Arabic

Etymology 1

Compare Akkadian 𒆕𒀀𒁉 (kalûm), Ge'ez ኵል (kʷəll), Ugaritic 𐎋𐎍 (kl), Phoenician 𐤊𐤋 (kl), Classical Syriac ܟܾܠ (kul). From Proto-Semitic *kʷall- or Proto-Semitic *kull-, ultimately from Proto-Afroasiatic *ʔa-kʷall-. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kull/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

كُلّ • (kull) m

1. each one, everyone
2. each, every (with following indefinite noun in the genitive)
3. whole, all (with following definite noun in the genitive)

Declension

Declension of noun كُلّ (kull)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	كُلّ kull	—	كُلّ kull
Nominative	كُلٌّ kullun	—	كُلُّ kullu
Accusative	كُلًّا kullan	—	كُلَّ kulla
Genitive	كُلٍّ kullin	—	كُلِّ kulli

Derived terms

• كُلَّمَا (kullamā, “every time, whenever”, conjunction)

Descendants

• Moroccan Arabic: كل (kull)
• → Bengali: কুল (kul)
• → Kazakh: күллі (küllı)
• → Khalaj: kull
• ⇒ → Khalaj: kullı
• Kurdish:

  → Laki: کوِل (kwil)

• → Persian: کل (kol)

Etymology 2

Verb

كل (form I)

1. كُلْ (kul) /kul/: second-person masculine singular imperative of أَكَلَ (ʔakala)
2. كَلْ (kal) /kal/: second-person masculine singular imperative of أَكِلَ (ʔakila)

Egyptian Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic كُلّ (kull).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koll/

Pronoun

كل • (koll) m

1. all

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic كُلّ (kull).

Pronunciation

• (determiner) IPA^(key): /kul.la/, /kulː/
• (pronoun) IPA^(key): /kulː/

Determiner

كلَّ or كلّْ • (kulla or kull)

1. each, every (with following indefinite noun)

   كل مواطن عنده الحق يصوت. ― kulla muwāṭin ʕandu l-ḥaqq yṣawwat ― Every citizen has the right to vote.

Pronoun

كل • (kull) m

1. whole, all (attached to an object pronoun after following definite noun)

   Synonyms: كامل (kāmil), كاع (gāʕ)

   وكلت الناس كلها فالعرس. ― wakkalt en-nās kullha f-el-ʕurs ― I've fed all the people in the wedding.

Inflection

Inflected forms of كل
Base form					كل (kull)
Personal-pronoun- including forms		singular		plural
		m	f
1st person		كلي (kulli)		كلنا (kullna)
2nd person		كلك (kullek)	كلك (kullki)	كلكم (kullkum)
3rd person		كله (kullu)	كلها (kullha)	كلهم (kullhum)

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Noun

كل • (kal)

1. ringworm

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian گل (gul), from late Middle Persian gwl (gul), from Old Persian *vr̥dah.

Noun

گل • (gül)

1. rose

Derived terms

• گلگون (gülgün)
• كلكلی (gülgüli)

Descendants

• Turkish: gül
• → Armenian: կիւլ (kiwl), գյուլ (gyul)
• → Laz: გჲული (gyuli), ჯული (culi) — Okordule
• → Macedonian: ѓул (ǵul)
• → Romanian: ghiul
• → Serbo-Croatian: ђул／đul
• → Albanian: gjylë

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1032
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1559

Etymology 3

From Persian کل (kal).

Adjective

كل • (kel)

1. bald

   Synonyms: صاچسز (saçsız), طاز (taz), طازلاق (tazlak), قباق (kabak)

Descendants

• Turkish: kel
• → Bulgarian: кел (kel)
• → Macedonian: ќелав (ḱelav)
• → Romanian: chel
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: ће̏лав

  Latin script: ćȅlav

Etymology 4

From Arabic كُلّ (kull).

Noun

كل • (kül)

1. all, the whole (of something uncountable)
2. every one (of something countable)

Descendants

• Turkish: kül

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “كل”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[3], Constantinople: Mihran, page 1032
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kül2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “كل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1559
• Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

South Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic كُلّ (kull).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kull/, [kʊl]

• Audio (Ramallah):

  (file)

Noun

كلّ • (kull) m

1. whole, entirety

   كلّ اليوم ― kull il-yōm ― the whole day

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)

   كلّهم ― kullhom ― all of them

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)

   الكلّ ― il-kull ― everyone (literally, “the whole”)

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)

Determiner

كلّ • (kull)

1. (in an indefinite phrase) every, each

   كلّ يوم ― kull yōm ― every day

   Audio (Ramallah):

   (file)