Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kele-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

The verb is rather poorly attested within Turkic making it uncertain wether some of the descendants borrowed from Mongolic. The morphology of *kelečü is obscure as there is no deverbal *-čü suffix, compare however *-nčü.

Verb

*kele-

1. (transitive) to speak

   Synonyms: *ay-, *ayït-, *söŕle-, *tē-

2. (transitive) to ask

   Synonyms: *ayït-, *sōr-

Conjugation

Conjugation of *kele- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*kelemek
participle	present		*kelegen, kelegme, keler
	past		*keledük, kelemiš
	future		*keledeči, kelemekči, kelesik, keleyeček
verbal noun			*keleme, keleg, kelegü
way of doing			*keleš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*keler ben	*keler sen	*keler	*keler biz	*keler siz	*keler
	past	simple	*keledim	*kelediŋ	*keledi	*keledik, keledimiz	*kelediŋiz	*keledi
		inferential	*kelemiš ben	*kelemiš sen	*kelemiš	*kelemiš biz	*kelemiš siz	*kelemiš
	future	simple	*keledeči ben, kelemekči ben, keleyeček ben	*keledeči sen, kelemekči sen, keleyeček sen	*keledeči, kelemekči, keleyeček	*keledeči biz, kelemekči biz, keleyeček biz	*keledeči siz, kelemekči siz, keleyeček siz	*keledeči, kelemekči, keleyeček
		predictive	*kelegey ben	*kelegey sen	*kelegey	*kelegey biz	*kelegey siz	*kelegey
		necessitive	*kelesikim	*kelesikiŋ	*kelesik	*kelesikimiz	*kelesikiŋiz	*kelesik
conditional			*kelesem, keleser ben	*keleseŋ, keleser sen	*kelese, keleser	*kelesek, kelesemiz, keleser biz	*keleseŋiz, keleser siz	*keleseler, keleser
optative			*kelegey ben	*kelegey sen	*kelegey	*kelegey biz	*kelegey siz	*kelegey
progressive			*kelemekde ben	*kelemekde sen	*kelemekde	*kelemekde biz	*kelemekde siz	*kelemekde
necessitative			*kelemelig ben	*kelemelig sen	*kelemelig	*kelemelig biz	*kelemelig siz	*kelemelig
imperative			*keleyeyin	*kele, kelegil	*kelezün	*keleyelim	*keleyiŋ	*kelezün
Negative
infinitive			*kelememek
participle	present		*kelemegen, kelemegme, kelemez
	past		*kelemedük, kelememiš
	future		*kelemeči, kelemesik, kelemeyeček
verbal noun			*kelememe, kelemeg, kelemegü
way of doing			*kelemeš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*kelemez ben	*kelemez sen	*kelemez	*kelemez biz	*kelemez siz	*kelemez
	past	simple	*kelemedim	*kelemediŋ	*kelemedi	*kelemedik, kelemedimiz	*kelemediŋiz	*kelemedi
		inferential	*kelememiš ben	*kelememiš sen	*kelememiš	*kelememiš biz	*kelememiš siz	*kelememiš
	future	simple	*kelemeči ben, kelemeyeček ben	*kelemeči sen, kelemeyeček sen	*kelemeči, kelemeyeček	*kelemeči biz, kelemeyeček biz	*kelemeči siz, kelemeyeček siz	*kelemeči, kelemeyeček
		predictive	*kelemegey ben	*kelemegey sen	*kelemegey	*kelemegey biz	*kelemegey siz	*kelemegey
		necessitive	*kelemesikim	*kelemesikiŋ	*kelemesik	*kelemesikimiz	*kelemesikiŋiz	*kelemesik
conditional			*kelemesem, kelemeser ben	*kelemeseŋ, kelemeser sen	*kelemese, kelemeser	*kelemesek, kelemesemiz, kelemeser biz	*kelemeseŋiz, kelemeser siz	*kelemeseler, kelemeser
optative			*kelemegey ben	*kelemegey sen	*kelemegey	*kelemegey biz	*kelemegey siz	*kelemegey
progressive			*kelememekde ben	*kelememekde sen	*kelememekde	*kelememekde biz	*kelememekde siz	*kelememekde
necessitative			*kelememelig ben	*kelememelig sen	*kelememelig	*kelememelig biz	*kelememelig siz	*kelememelig
imperative			*kelemeyeyin	*keleme, kelemegil	*kelemezün	*kelemeyelim	*kelemeyiŋ	*kelemezün

Derived terms

• ⇒? *kelečü
• ⇒ *kele-ĺč-

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: кала (kala)
    • ⇒ Chuvash: калаҫ (kalaś)

• Oghuz: [script needed] (keleçü)
  • Old Anatolian Turkish:
    • Ottoman Turkish: كلجى
      • Turkish: keleci
  • Salar: kelegüsi
• Karluk:
  • Uyghur: [script needed] (kele-)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Tatar: кэлеу (kelew)
    • → Chuvash: кӗле (kĕle)
• Siberian:
  • Khakas: [script needed] (kǝle-)
• ⇒? Proto-Mongolic: *kele-n (“tongue”)
  • ⇒ Proto-Mongolic: *kele-le- (“to talk”)

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 24
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 716
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 32
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 248
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kele- & *gele-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill