Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kepelek

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

From *kepeli (“butterfly”) +‎ *-ak (“diminutive suffix”). The rounding in some of the descendants is due to the neighboring labial /p/. Some of the descendants also exhibit metathesis to *kelepek. Eren (1999) suggests that this word is an onomatopoeic in origin.

Clauson suggets a loanword, but does not give a source language, pointing that it is only present in Oghuz, Karluk and Kipchak branches.

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *kibe (“moth”) (Mongolian хив (xiv, “moth”)) and Japanese コオロギ (kōrogi, “cricket”) by Altaicists, although such comparisons are deemed as unscientific by the consensus.

Noun

*kepelek

1. (Common Turkic) butterfly

Declension

Declension of *kepelek

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kepelek
Accusative	*kepelekni, *kepelekig 4), *kepeleknig 1)
Genitive	*kepelekniŋ
Dative	*kepelekke
Locative	*kepelekde
Ablative	*kepelekden
Allative	*kepelekgerü
Instrumental 2)	*kepelekin
Equative 2)	*kepelekče
Similative 2)	*kepelekleyü
Comitative 2)	*kepelekligü

¹⁾ Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
⁴⁾ Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants

• Common Turkic: *kepeli, *kepelek, *kelepek

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: كلابك (gäläbäk)
      • Azerbaijani: kəpənək
      • Ottoman Turkish: كلبك (kelebek)
        • Turkish: kelebek
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: kebelek (کبلاک)
• Karluk
  • Karakhanid: [script needed] (kepēlī)
    • Uzbek: kapalak
    • Uyghur: كېپىنەك (këpinek)
• Kipchak:
  • Cuman: [script needed] (köbelek)
  • North Kipchak
    • Bashkir: күбәләк (kübələk)
    • Tatar: күбәләк (kübäläk)
  • South Kipchak
    • Kazakh: көбелек (köbelek)
  • West Kipchak
    • Kumyk: гёбелек (göbelek)
  • East Kipchak
    • Kyrgyz: көпөлөк (köpölök)
    • Southern Altai: кӧбӧлӧк (köbölök)
• Siberian:
  • South Siberian
    • Yenisei:
      • Shor: қонақ (qonaq)
    • Northern Altai: кӧбӧлек (köbölek), кӧвӧлӧк (kövölök)

References

• al-Kashgarî, Mahmud (1072–1074) Besim Atalay, transl., Divanü Lûgat-it-Türk Tercümesi [Translation of the “Compendium of the languages of the Turks”] (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 521) (in Turkish), 1985 edition, volume I, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurmu Basımevi, published 1939–1943, page 448
• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kepe:li:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 689
• Levitskaja, L. S., Dybo, A. V., Rassadin, V. I. (1997) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume V, Moscow: Jazyki russkoj kulʹtury, page 29

entry=kelebek

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Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/kepelek”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 227

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “kelebek”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 291
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*kepelek”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 187

See also

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ït	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ