Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kunduŕ

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

*kunduŕ

Etymology

Unknown. Eren (1999) argues that this word is composed of *kund (“?”) + *-uŕ (“deverbal noun-making suffix”).

Often compared with Proto-Ugric *kuntɜ (“beaver”), whence Hungarian hód, Northern Mansi хунтыль (huntylʹ). Both loaning directions (Turkic → Ugric, Ugric → Turkic) have been proposed.

Original meaning of this root, beaver, is contaminated in select languages with the secondary semantic derivation of otter.

Noun

*kunduŕ

1. beaver
2. otter

Declension

Declension of *kunduŕ

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*kunduŕ
Accusative	*kunduŕug, *kunduŕnï1)
Genitive	*kunduŕnïŋ
Dative	*kunduŕka
Locative	*kunduŕta
Ablative	*kunduŕtan
Allative	*kunduŕgaru
Instrumental 2)	*kunduŕun
Equative 2)	*kunduŕča
Similative 2)	*kunduŕlayu
Comitative 2)	*kunduŕlugu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: хӑнтӑр (hănt̬ăr)
• Common Turkic: *kunduz

• Oghuz:
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: qunduz
      • Ottoman Turkish: قوندوز (kunduz), قوندز (kunduz)
        • Turkish: kunduz
        • → Arabic: قُنْدُس (qundus), قُنْدُز (qunduz)
        • → Armenian: խունտուզ (xuntuz)
      • → Middle Armenian: խնդուզ (xnduz), խնտուզ (xntuz)
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: gunduz
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: قوندوز (qunduz)
    • Uyghur: قۇندۇز (qunduz)
    • Uzbek: qunduz
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: ҡондоҙ (qondoź)
    • Tatar: кондыз (qondız)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: qunduz
    • Karachay-Balkar: къундуз (qunduz)
    • Kumyk: хундуз (xunduz)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: құндыз (qūndyz, “otter”)
    • Nogai: кундыз (kundız)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: кундуз (kunduz)
    • Southern Altai: кумдус (kumdus)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: kwntwz (kuntuz, “beaver”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: кундус (kundus, “otter”)
      • Tofa: һундус (xundus)
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: хундус (xundus)
      • Shor: қумдус (kumdus, “lizard”)

See also

Animals in Turkic
Dog	dog: *ï̄t	Hunting Dog	hunting dog: *eker	Hen	hen: *tiakïgu
Lark	lark: *torgay	Pigeon	dove, pigeon: *kȫkerčin	Quail	quail: *bïldurčïn
Sparrow	sparrow: *serče	Hawk	hawk, falcon: *kïrguy	Goose	goose: *kāŕ
Wolf	wolf: *bȫrü	Cow	cow: *ingek	Calf	calf: *buŕagu
Camel	camel: *tebe	Young Camel	young of camel: *kȫĺek, *botu	Horse	horse: *at
Foal	foal: *kulun	Worm	worm: *kūrt	Snake	snake: *yï̄lan
Fox	fox: *tilkü	goat	goat: *keči	He-goat	he-goat: *teke
Lion	lion: *arsïlan	Fish	fish: *bālïk	Abramis brama	carp bream: *čapak
Donkey	donkey: *eĺčgek	Carp	carp: *siāŕgan	Catfish	catfish: *yāyïn
Beaver	beaver: *kunduŕ	Hedgehog	hedgehog: *kirpi	Badger	badger: *borsmuk
Fly	fly, mosquito: *siŋek	Bee	wasp, bee: *ārï	Gadlfy	gadfly: *bȫgen
Moth	moth: *küńe	Louse	louse: *bït	Earthworm	earthworm: *sïbuĺgan
Yak	yak: *kotuz	Colt	colt: *sïp	Dragon	dragon: *siāŕgan
Worm	worm: *kūrt	Deer	deer: *keyik, *sïgun, *bulan, *bugu	Lizard	lizard: *keleŕ

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “kunduz”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 635
• Eren, Hasan (1999) “Proto-Turkic/kunduŕ”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 267
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*kuntuz (< *kuntuŕ)”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 301
• Doerfer, Gerhard (1963–1975) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission)‎^[2] (in German), Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 1534

External links

• http://turkic.elegantlexicon.com/turkforms.php?form=beaver