Reconstruction:Proto-Uralic/jëxe-

This Proto-Uralic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Uralic

Etymology

An Indo-European or pre-Indo-Iranian loan etymology has been proposed, from a reduplicated present *ǵʰu-ǵʰew- based on Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰew- (“to pour”); but if the Samic form with *u is secondary, this cannot be upheld. Has also sometimes been compared with Turkic (Proto-Turkic *yug-) and Mongolic (Proto-Mongolic *uxu-) words, but there have been no convincing proposals for how these words would be related to each other.

Reconstruction

Often reconstructed as *juxe-, mainly on the basis of Samic and Finnic. Aikio (2002) argues that most other languages indicate original *ë instead, with irregular development in Samic and Finnic. Zhivlov (2014) proposes that the developments *-ëx- > pre-Finnic *-ox-, pre-Samic *-ux- would actually be regular.

A secondary meaning "to flow" appears to be indicated in a number of fossilized derivatives in Finnic, e.g. *joostak (“to run, to flow”), *joottadak (“to give to drink; to solder”).

Verb

*jëxe-

1. to drink
2. to flow?

Descendants

• Proto-Samoyedic: *ër- (“to drink”), *ëkəl- (“to drink avidly”)
• Ugric:
  • Hungarian: iszik
  • Mansi:
    • Northern Mansi: аюӈкве (aûňkve)
  • Khanty:
    • Northern Khanty: ӛнщ (jənsj)
• Proto-Permic: *juni (see there for further descendants)
• Proto-Mari: *jüaš
  • Eastern Mari: йӱаш (jüaš)
  • Western Mari: йӱӓш (jüäš)
• Samic: *juxe- > *jukëtēk (see there for further descendants)
• Finnic: *joxe- > *joodak (see there for further descendants)

References

• Aikio, Ante. 2002. "New and Old Samoyed Etymologies". Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen 57, pp. 9–57.
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
• Rédei, Károly (1986–88) Uralisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Uralic Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó
• Zhivlov, Mikhail. 2014. "Studies in Uralic vocalism III". In Journal of Language Relationship 12, pp. 113–148.

Further reading

• Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages‎^[2], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
• Entry #195 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.