Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-isk

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-iskaz.

Suffix

*-isk

1. Creates adjectives from nouns.

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*-isk
Genitive	*-iskas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*-isk	*-isku	*-isk
Accusative	*-iskanā	*-iskā	*-isk
Genitive	*-iskas	*-iskeʀā	*-iskas
Dative	*-iskumē	*-iskeʀē	*-iskumē
Instrumental	*-isku	*-iskeʀu	*-isku
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*-iskē	*-iskō	*-isku
Accusative	*-iskā	*-iskā	*-isku
Genitive	*-iskeʀō	*-iskeʀō	*-iskeʀō
Dative	*-iskēm, *-iskum	*-iskēm, *-iskum	*-iskēm, *-iskum
Instrumental	*-iskēm, *-iskum	*-iskēm, *-iskum	*-iskēm, *-iskum

Derived terms

Proto-West Germanic terms suffixed with *-isk

Descendants

• Old English: -isċ, -isċe
  • Middle English: -ish, -isch
    • Scots: -is, -ish
    • English: -ish
• Old Frisian: -isk
  • Saterland Frisian: -sk, -isk
  • West Frisian: -sk
• Old Saxon: -isk, -isc
  • Low German: -isch, -isk
  • Plautdietsch: -isch
• Old Dutch: *-isk, *-sk
  • Middle Dutch: -sc, -sch
    • Dutch: -s
• Old High German: -isc
  • German: -isch, -sch
    • → Dutch: -isch
  • Luxembourgish: -esch
  • Vilamovian: -yś
  • Yiddish: ־יש (-ish)
• → Late Latin: -iscus (see there for further descendants)
  • English: -esque