-is
Czech edit
Suffix edit
-is n (noun-forming suffix, indeclinable)
Danish edit
Suffix edit
-is
Antonyms edit
Esperanto edit
Etymology edit
The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:
- This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)
The vowel of -is is likely cognate with the Latin perfect, as in amavit "s/he had loved", and the corresponding past infinitive amavisse.
Suffix edit
-is
Estonian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare -us and -s.
Suffix edit
-is (genitive -ise, partitive -ist)
- Derives nouns.
- Derives forms of nouns used in compounds.
- väli (“field, area”) + -is → välis- (“outside”)
- võidma ("to spread", "to anoint") → võidis- in võidisvaal ("sperm whale")
Declension edit
| Declension of -is (ÕS type 11/harjutus, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -is | -ised | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | -ise | ||
| genitive | -iste | ||
| partitive | -ist | -isi | |
| illative | -isse -isesse |
-istesse -isisse | |
| inessive | -ises | -istes -isis | |
| elative | -isest | -istest -isist | |
| allative | -isele | -istele -isile | |
| adessive | -isel | -istel -isil | |
| ablative | -iselt | -istelt -isilt | |
| translative | -iseks | -isteks -isiks | |
| terminative | -iseni | -isteni | |
| essive | -isena | -istena | |
| abessive | -iseta | -isteta | |
| comitative | -isega | -istega | |
| Declension of -is (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | -is | -ised | |
| accusative | nom. | ||
| gen. | -ise | ||
| genitive | -iste | ||
| partitive | -ist | -iseid | |
| illative | -isesse | -istesse -iseisse | |
| inessive | -ises | -istes -iseis | |
| elative | -isest | -istest -iseist | |
| allative | -isele | -istele -iseile | |
| adessive | -isel | -istel -iseil | |
| ablative | -iselt | -istelt -iseilt | |
| translative | -iseks | -isteks -iseiks | |
| terminative | -iseni | -isteni | |
| essive | -isena | -istena | |
| abessive | -iseta | -isteta | |
| comitative | -isega | -istega | |
Finnish edit
Etymology edit
Probably from Swedish -is and possibly also extracted from slang terms including that suffix.
Suffix edit
-is (colloquial)
- -er; a suffix used to form nouns and proper nouns from place names, common nouns and adjectives; gives a familiar nuance to the original word; the original word is often truncated in the process.
Anagrams edit
French edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Latin -iō → *-īō, -is → *-īs (sense 1–2); Latin -īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French -is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.
Suffix edit
-is
- forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
- forms the second-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
- forms the first-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
- forms the second-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-is
- forms the first-person singular past historic of -re verbs
- forms the second-person singular past historic of -re verbs
Etymology 3 edit
Inherited from Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) + -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).
Suffix edit
-is
- adjective- or noun-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs
Derived terms edit
German edit
Etymology edit
Potentially shortened from Diesis.
Suffix edit
-is (invariable)
Derived terms edit
- -isis (“double sharp”)
Descendants edit
- Norwegian Bokmål: -iss
Hungarian edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-is
- (diminutive suffix) Added to a proper noun to form a shortened diminutive name.
Derived terms edit
See also edit
Ido edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Esperanto -is, back-formation from -as.
Suffix edit
-is
- desinence of the past tense in verbs
See also edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Dutch -isch, from German -isch, from Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.
Suffix edit
-is
- -ic.
- strategis ― strategic
- pragmatis ― pragmatic
- -ical.
- praktis ― practical
- psikologis ― psychological
Etymology 2 edit
From Dutch -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).
Suffix edit
-is
- -ist.
- anarkis ― anarchist
- jurnalis ― journalist
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “-is” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Irish edit
Etymology edit
From the dative form of Old Irish -as (“-ish”).
Suffix edit
-is f
Declension edit
|
Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms edit
Suffix edit
-is
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Indo-European *-is.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-is (neuter -e); third-declension two-termination suffix
- suffixed to the root of nouns in composition, forms adjectives of the third declension
Declension edit
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | -is | -e | -ēs | -ia | |
| Genitive | -is | -ium | |||
| Dative | -ī | -ibus | |||
| Accusative | -em | -e | -ēs -īs |
-ia | |
| Ablative | -ī | -ibus | |||
| Vocative | -is | -e | -ēs | -ia | |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
References edit
- “-is” on page 970/3 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (1st ed., 1968–82)
Etymology 2 edit
Declined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives). Derived from Proto-Italic -ois.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-īs
Etymology 3 edit
Declined forms of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-īs m
Etymology 4 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix edit
-is
- second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (third conjugation)
Etymology 5 edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Suffix edit
-īs
- (archaic) second-person singular sigmatic aorist active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)
Etymology 6 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix edit
-is
Malay edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Learned borrowing from Indonesian -is.[1]
Alternative forms edit
Suffix edit
-is
Usage notes edit
- Instances of this suffix are usually found in loanwords borrowed from Indonesian that have a more commonly used English-derived alternative. One example of this is the Malay term for pragmatic which can be expressed with the Indonesian-derived pragmatis that exists alongside the English-derived pragmatik.
Etymology 2 edit
Learned borrowing from English -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) + -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).
Suffix edit
-is
- -ist.
- anarkis ― anarchist
- sadis ― sadist
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ Omar, A. H. (1971). Standard Language and the Standardization of Malay. Anthropological Linguistics, 13(2), 81–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029277
Middle English edit
Etymology 1 edit
Suffix edit
-is
- Alternative form of -yssh
Etymology 2 edit
Suffix edit
-is
- Alternative form of -esse
Norwegian Bokmål edit
Etymology edit
From Swedish -is (diminutive suffix), from Latin -is.
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-is m (definite singular -isen, indefinite plural -iser, definite plural -isene)
- Used to form nouns from adjectives, verbs and other nouns
Derived terms edit
References edit
Anagrams edit
Plains Cree edit
Etymology edit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-is (Syllabics -ᐃᐢ)
- Used to form diminutives: -ie
Derived terms edit
References edit
Swedish edit
Etymology edit
At least since the late 1880s. Originally from the Latin ending -is in words such as basis (“basis”).
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-is c or n
- (colloquial, particularly common in the Stockholm area) Suffix that gives a familiar, and to some extent a diminutive nuance, when combined with a word; common with both nouns and adjectives; commonly used for place names, institutions and persons in their professional role: Medis, frälsis, dagis, vaktis; compare English -y, -ie.
- Är du sotis över att hon träffar sina killkompisar på krogen?
- Are you jealous that she's seeing her male friends at the pub?
- Hämta vaktisen. Någon hade just sönder en fönsterruta.
- Get the janitor. Someone just broke a window.
- (colloquial) Similar to 1 in ad hoc combinations: pankis, sötis, snuskis; compare -ie.
- Kan vi äta pankisar med sylt och visgrädde idag?
- Can we eat pancakes with jam and whipped cream today?
- Du får inte hoppa över kontroller på orienteringen, din fuskis!
- You can't skip orienteering controls, you cheater ("cheatie")!
Usage notes edit
- Nouns ending in -is take either common (en) or neuter (ett) gender, often depending on the original word: ett daghem > ett dagis, en loppmarknad > en loppis, en vaktmästare > en vaktis.