Wiktionary

-is

See also: Appendix:Variations of "is"

Czech

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Suffix

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-is n (noun-forming suffix, indeclinable)

  1. indicates a sharp of a note
    Měl zahrát gis, ale omylem zahrál ais.
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Danish

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Suffix

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-is

  1. indicates the sharp of a note; ♯

Antonyms

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Esperanto

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Etymology

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The Esperanto suffixes -as, -is, -os, -us are related, and appear to have been inspired by previous language projects:

This play of vowels is not an original idea of Zamenhof's: -as, -is, -os are found for the three tenses of the infinitive in Faiguet's system of 1765; -a, -i, -o without a consonant are used like Z's -as, -is, -os by Rudelle (1858); Courtonne in 1885 had -am, -im, -om in the same values, and the similarity with Esperanto is here even more perfect than in the other projects, as -um corresponds to Z's -us. —An International Language (1928)

The vowel of -is is likely cognate with the Latin perfect, as in amavit "s/he had loved", and the corresponding past infinitive amavisse.

Suffix

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-is

  1. ending of past tense in verbs, e.g. ami to love, ŝi amis she loved.

Estonian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Compare -us and -s.

Suffix

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-is (genitive -ise, partitive -ist)

  1. Derives nouns.
    ‎petma (“to con, to trick”) + ‎-is → ‎petis (“conman, trickster, cheat, fraud”)
    ‎näitama (“to show”) + ‎-is → ‎näidis (“sample, specimen”)
  2. Derives forms of nouns used in compounds.
    ‎väli (“field, area”) + ‎-is → ‎välis- (“outside”)
    võidma ("to spread", "to anoint") → võidis- in võidisvaal ("sperm whale")

Declension

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Declension of -is (ÕS type 11/harjutus, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -is -ised
accusative nom.
gen. -ise
genitive -iste
partitive -ist -isi
illative -isse
-isesse 		-istesse
-isisse
inessive -ises -istes
-isis
elative -isest -istest
-isist
allative -isele -istele
-isile
adessive -isel -istel
-isil
ablative -iselt -istelt
-isilt
translative -iseks -isteks
-isiks
terminative -iseni -isteni
essive -isena -istena
abessive -iseta -isteta
comitative -isega -istega
Declension of -is (ÕS type 9/katus, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -is -ised
accusative nom.
gen. -ise
genitive -iste
partitive -ist -iseid
illative -isesse -istesse
-iseisse
inessive -ises -istes
-iseis
elative -isest -istest
-iseist
allative -isele -istele
-iseile
adessive -isel -istel
-iseil
ablative -iselt -istelt
-iseilt
translative -iseks -isteks
-iseiks
terminative -iseni -isteni
essive -isena -istena
abessive -iseta -isteta
comitative -isega -istega

Finnish

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Etymology 1

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Probably from Swedish -is and possibly also extracted from slang terms including that suffix.

Suffix

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-is (colloquial)

  1. -er; a suffix used to form nouns and proper nouns from place names, common nouns and adjectives; gives a familiar nuance to the original word; the original word is often truncated in the process.
    ‎funktionalismi (“functionalism”) + ‎-is → ‎funkis
    ‎kova (“hard, tough”) + ‎-is → ‎kovis (“badass”)
    ‎mestaruus (“championship”) + ‎-is → ‎mestis (“league of champions”)
    ‎paha (“bad”) + ‎-is → ‎pahis (“bad guy”)
    Roihuvuori (a suburb of Helsinki) → Roihis

Etymology 2

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From German -is.

Suffix

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-is

  1. (music) sharp, ♯
    Antonym: -es
    ‎A + ‎-is → ‎Ais (“A sharp”)
    ‎C + ‎-is → ‎Cis (“C sharp”)
    ‎D + ‎-is → ‎Dis (“D sharp”)
    ‎E + ‎-is → ‎Eis (“E sharp”)
    ‎F + ‎-is → ‎Fis (“F sharp”)
    ‎G + ‎-is → ‎Gis (“G sharp”)
    ‎H + ‎-is → ‎His (“B sharp”)
Derived terms
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  • -isis (“double sharp”)

Anagrams

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French

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Inherited from Latin -iō → *-īō, -is → *-īs (sense 1–2); Latin -īvī, and -īvisti (sense 3–4). In the case of regular -ir verbs (like finir), the first singular present suffix was inherited from Old French -is, from Vulgar Latin *-īscō (cf. -iss-), while other first singular suffixes (also when added to irregular -ir verbs) are added erroneously.

Suffix

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-is

  1. forms the first-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
  2. forms the second-person singular present indicative of -ir verbs
  3. forms the first-person singular past historic of -ir verbs
  4. forms the second-person singular past historic of -ir verbs

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-is

  1. forms the first-person singular past historic of -re verbs
  2. forms the second-person singular past historic of -re verbs

Etymology 3

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Inherited from Old French -ëiz, from Latin -ātus (past participle ending) + -īcius (adjective-forming suffix).

Suffix

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-is

  1. adjective- or noun-forming suffix, generally found attached to verbs
Derived terms
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French terms suffixed with -is

German

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Etymology

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Potentially shortened from Diesis.

Suffix

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-is (invariable)

  1. (music) sharp, ♯
    Antonym: -es
    ‎A + ‎-is → ‎Ais (“A sharp”)
    ‎C + ‎-is → ‎Cis (“C sharp”)
    ‎D + ‎-is → ‎Dis (“D sharp”)
    ‎E + ‎-is → ‎Eis (“E sharp”)
    ‎F + ‎-is → ‎Fis (“F sharp”)
    ‎G + ‎-is → ‎Gis (“G sharp”)
    ‎H + ‎-is → ‎His (“B sharp”)

Derived terms

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  • -isis (“double sharp”)

Descendants

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  • Norwegian Bokmål: -iss

Hungarian

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-is

  1. (diminutive suffix) Added to a proper noun to form a shortened diminutive name.
    ‎András (“Andrew”) + ‎-is → ‎Andris (“Andy”)

Derived terms

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Hungarian proper noun clippings suffixed with -is

See also

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Ido

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Esperanto -is, back-formation from -as.

Suffix

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-is

  1. desinence of the past tense in verbs

See also

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Indonesian

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Etymology 1

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From Dutch -isch, from German -isch, from Middle High German -isch, from Old High German -isc, from Proto-Germanic *-iskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-iskos.

Suffix

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-is

  1. -ic.
    strategis ― strategic
    pragmatis ― pragmatic
  2. -ical.
    praktis ― practical
    psikologis ― psychological

Etymology 2

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From Dutch -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) +‎ -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).

Suffix

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-is

  1. -ist.
    anarkis ― anarchist
    jurnalis ― journalist

Derived terms

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Indonesian terms suffixed with -is

Further reading

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Irish

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Etymology

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From the dative form of Old Irish -as (“-ish”).

Suffix

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-is f

  1. -ish, -ese (used to form language names)

Declension

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Declension of -is

Second declension

Bare forms (no plural form of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative -is
Vocative a -is
Genitive -ise
Dative -is

Forms with the definite article

Case Singular
Nominative an -is
Genitive na -ise
Dative leis an -is

don -is

Derived terms

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Irish terms suffixed with -is

Suffix

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-is

  1. inflection of -eas:
    1. vocative/genitive singular
    2. nominative/dative plural

Latin

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Etymology 1

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From Proto-Indo-European *-is.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-is (neuter -e); third-declension two-termination suffix

  1. suffixed to the root of nouns in composition, forms adjectives of the third declension
    bi- + annus + -is → biennis
    bi- + palmus + -is → bipalmis
    ē- + norma + -is → ēnormis
    in- + somnus + -is → insomnis
    pro- + clīvus + -is → proclīvis
    tri- + annus + -is → triennis
Declension
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Third-declension two-termination adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
Nominative -is -e -ēs -ia
Genitive -is -ium
Dative -ī -ibus
Accusative -em -e -ēs
-īs 		-ia
Ablative -ī -ibus
Vocative -is -e -ēs -ia
Derived terms
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Latin terms suffixed with -is
Descendants
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  • → Swedish: -is (learned)
    • → Finnish: -is
    • → Norwegian Bokmål: -is
    • → Norwegian Nynorsk: -is

References

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Etymology 2

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Declined forms of -us (suffix forming adjectives). Derived from Proto-Italic -ois.

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-īs

  1. dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of -us

Etymology 3

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Declined forms of -a (suffix forming masculine agent nouns).

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-īs m

  1. dative/ablative plural of -a

Etymology 4

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

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-is

  1. second-person singular present active indicative of -ō (third conjugation)

Etymology 5

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

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-īs

  1. (archaic) second-person singular sigmatic aorist active subjunctive of -ō (third conjugation)

Etymology 6

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

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-is

  1. genitive singular of -s

Malay

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /-is/
  • Hyphenation: -is

Etymology 1

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Learned borrowing from Indonesian -is.[1]

Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-is

  1. -ical; -ic.
    praktis ― practical
    gramatis ― grammatical
Usage notes
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  • Instances of this suffix are usually found in loanwords borrowed from Indonesian that have a more commonly used English-derived alternative. One example of this is the Malay term for pragmatic which can be expressed with the Indonesian-derived pragmatis that exists alongside the English-derived pragmatik.

Etymology 2

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Learned borrowing from English -ist, from Old French -iste and Latin -ista, from Ancient Greek -ιστής (-istḗs), from -ίζω (-ízō, “-ize, -ise”, verbal suffix) +‎ -τής (-tḗs, agent-noun suffix).

Suffix

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-is

  1. -ist.
    anarkis ― anarchist
    sadis ― sadist

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Portuguese -ês, from Old Galician-Portuguese -es, from Latin -ēnsis.

Suffix

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-is (Jawi spelling -يس)

  1. -ese.
    Kantonis ― Cantonese
    Portugis ― Portuguese

Derived terms

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Malay terms suffixed with -is

References

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  1. ^ Omar, A. H. (1971). Standard Language and the Standardization of Malay. Anthropological Linguistics, 13(2), 81–82. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029277

Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-is

  1. Alternative form of -yssh

Etymology 2

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Suffix

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-is

  1. Alternative form of -esse

Norwegian Bokmål

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Etymology

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From Swedish -is (diminutive suffix), from Latin -is.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɪs/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɪs
  • Hyphenation: -is
  • Homophone: -iss

Suffix

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-is m (definite singular -isen, indefinite plural -iser, definite plural -isene)

  2. Used to form nouns from adjectives, verbs and other nouns

Derived terms

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Norwegian Bokmål terms suffixed with -is

References

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Anagrams

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Plains Cree

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

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Suffix

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-is (Syllabics -ᐃᐢ)

  1. Used to form diminutives: -ie

Derived terms

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Plains Cree terms suffixed with -is

References

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  • Jean L. Okimâsis (2018) Cree: Language of the plains‎[1], University of Regina Press, →ISBN, page 22

Swedish

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Etymology

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At least since the late 1880s. Originally from the Latin ending -is in words such as basis (“basis”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /-ɪs/
  • When combined the stress is always on the first syllable.

Suffix

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-is c or n

  1. (colloquial, particularly common in the Stockholm area) Suffix that gives a familiar, and to some extent a diminutive nuance, when combined with a word; common with both nouns and adjectives; commonly used for place names, institutions and persons in their professional role: Medis, frälsis, dagis, vaktis; compare English -y, -ie.
    Är du sotis över att hon träffar sina killkompisar på krogen?
    Are you jealous that she's seeing her male friends at the pub?
    Hämta vaktisen. Någon hade just sönder en fönsterruta.
    Get the janitor. Someone just broke a window.
  2. (colloquial) Similar to 1 in ad hoc combinations: pankis, sötis, snuskis; compare -ie.
    Kan vi äta pankisar med sylt och visgrädde idag?
    Can we eat pancakes with jam and whipped cream today?
    Du får inte hoppa över kontroller på orienteringen, din fuskis!
    You can't skip orienteering controls, you cheater ("cheatie")!

Usage notes

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  • Nouns ending in -is take either common (en) or neuter (ett) gender, often depending on the original word: ett daghem > ett dagis, en loppmarknad > en loppis, en vaktmästare > en vaktis.

Derived terms

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Swedish terms suffixed with -is
Related terms

Descendants

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  • → Finnish: -is
  • → Norwegian Bokmål: -is
  • → Norwegian Nynorsk: -is
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