Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/helm
Proto-West Germanic edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Proto-Germanic *helmaz.
Noun edit
*helm m
Inflection edit
Masculine a-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | ||
Nominative | *helm | |
Genitive | *helmas | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *helm | *helmō, *helmōs |
Accusative | *helm | *helmā |
Genitive | *helmas | *helmō |
Dative | *helmē | *helmum |
Instrumental | *helmu | *helmum |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Etymology 2 edit
From Proto-Germanic *helmaz, related to *halmaz (“haulm, straw, hay; stalk”) (whence *halm). The ablaut points to an older athematic paradigm in Proto-Indo-European, according to Kroonen probably *ḱélh₂m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂mós; compare Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”).[1] The o-grade in *halmaz and cognates such as Latin culmus, Proto-Slavic *sòlma and Latvian sal̃ms may have come either from an accusative stem *ḱolh₂-m- or by analogy with the thematic suffix *-(ó)-mos.[2] In any case ultimately from the root *ḱelh₂- (“to prick, stab; straw, reed”).
Noun edit
*helm m
- a reedy grass that dries as hollow stalks: bentgrass (genus Agrostis or Ammophila); sedge
- Synonym of *halm (“stalk, haulm, straw”)
Inflection edit
Masculine a-stem | ||
---|---|---|
Singular | ||
Nominative | *helm | |
Genitive | *helmas | |
Singular | Plural | |
Nominative | *helm | *helmō, *helmōs |
Accusative | *helm | *helmā |
Genitive | *helmas | *helmō |
Dative | *helmē | *helmum |
Instrumental | *helmu | *helmum |
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- Old English: *helm
- Old Dutch: *helm
- Low German: helm (“sedge; marram grass”)
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*halma-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 204–205: “*helma-”
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2011) “*helm, *hulmaz”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 162–163