Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halmaz
Proto-Germanic
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *ḱolh₂mos, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelh₂- (“to stick; prick; stab”). Cognate with Latin culmus, Ancient Greek κάλαμος (kálamos). Kroonen, who adds Lithuanian kélmas (“tree trunk”) as a cognate, reconstructs the original athematic paradigm as *ḱélh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-m-ós (cf. *elm-, *alm-, *ulm- (“elm”)), rejecting Beekes' *ḱólh₂-m̥ ~ *ḱl̥h₂-ém-.
Pronunciation
editNoun
edit*halmaz m[2]
Inflection
editmasculine a-stemDeclension of *halmaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *halmaz | *halmōz, *halmōs | |
vocative | *halm | *halmōz, *halmōs | |
accusative | *halmą | *halmanz | |
genitive | *halmas, *halmis | *halmǫ̂ | |
dative | *halmai | *halmamaz | |
instrumental | *halmō | *halmamiz |
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- Proto-West Germanic: *halm
- Old Norse: halmr
References
edit- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2011) “*helm, *hulmaz”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 162–163
- ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*xalmaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 156