Turkmen

See also: turkmen, türkmén, and Türkmen

English

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈtɜːk.mən/
• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈtɝk.mən/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

Etymology 1

The current majority view for the etymology of the ethnonym Türkmen or Turcoman is that it comes from Türk and the Turkic emphasizing suffix -men, meaning "'most Turkish of the Turks' or 'pure-blooded Turks.'" A folk etymology, dating back to the Middle Ages and found in al-Biruni and Mahmud al-Kashgari, instead derives the suffix -men from the Persian suffix -mānind, with the resulting word meaning "like a Turk". While formerly the dominant etymology in modern scholarship, this mixed Turkic-Persian derivation is now viewed as incorrect.

Alternative forms

• Turcoman, Turkoman (via Medieval Latin Turcomannus, itself derived from Turkic via Persian ترکمان (torkamân))
• Turkman, Turkmán, Türkman (via Ottoman Turkish تركمان (Türkmân), itself derived from Turkic via Persian ترکمان (torkamân), dated)
• Türkmen (rare)

Proper noun

Turkmen

1. A Turkic language of the Turkmen spoken mostly in Turkmenistan.

Translations

language spoken in Turkmenistan

• Arabic: اللُّغَة التُّرْكُمَانِيَّة f (al-luḡa t-turkumāniyya), التُّرْكُمَانِيَّة f (at-turkumāniyya)
• Armenian: թուրքմեներեն (hy) (tʻurkʻmeneren)
• Azerbaijani: türkmən dili
• Basque: turkmenera (eu)
• Catalan: turcman (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 土庫曼語 / 土库曼语 (zh) (tǔkùmànyǔ)

• Chuvash: туркмен чӗлхи (turkmen č̬ĕlh̬i)
• Czech: turkmenština f
• Dhivehi: ތުރުކު (turuku)
• Dutch: Turkmeens (nl) n
• Esperanto: turkmena lingvo
• Faroese: turkmenskt n
• Finnish: turkmeeni (fi)
• French: turkmène (fr) m
• Galician: turcomán (gl) m, turkmeno m
• German: Turkmenisch (de) n, turkmenische Sprache
• Irish: Tuircméinis f
• Italian: turkmeno (it) m
• Japanese: トルクメン語 (ja) (torukumengo)
• Kazakh: түрікмен тілі (türıkmen tılı)
• Korean: 투르크멘어 (ko) (tureukeumeneo)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: تورکمانی (turkmanî)

• Kyrgyz: түркмөнчө (ky) (türkmöncö)
• Latvian: turkmēņu, turkmēņu valoda f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: turkmensk (no) m

  Nynorsk: turkmensk (nn) m

• Portuguese: turcomeno (pt) m
• Romanian: turkmenă (ro) f
• Russian: туркме́нский (ru) m (turkménskij) (язы́к)
• Slovak: turkménčina (sk) f
• Spanish: turcomano (es) m
• Swahili: Kiturukimeni
• Swedish: turkmeniska (sv) c
• Turkish: Türkmence (tr)
• Turkmen: türkmen dili, türkmençe (tk)
• Uyghur: تۈركمەن تىلى (türkmen tili)
• Uzbek: turkman tili

Noun

Turkmen (plural Turkmen or Turkmens)

1. A person from Turkmenistan or of Turkmen descent.
   • 2005, Chahryar Adle, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, page 316:

     The conquest took 16 years and ended in 1885 in a battle with the Afghans on the banks of the Murghab. During this period, the Turkmens offered the Russians stubborn resistance […]

   • 2009, Barbara A. West, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, page 841:

     Keimir-Ker, a Turkmen from the Tekke clan, led a rebellion against the Persians […]

Related terms

• Turcoman
• Turkoman
• Turkmenistan

Translations

person from Turkmenistan or of Turkmen descent

• Arabic: تُرْكُمَانِيّ m (turkumāniyy), تُرْكُمَانِيَّة f (turkumāniyya)
• Armenian: թուրքմեն (hy) (tʻurkʻmen)
• Azerbaijani: türkmən
• Bashkir: төрөкмән (törökmən)
• Belarusian: туркме́н m (turkmjén), туркме́нка f (turkmjénka)
• Catalan: turcman (ca) m, turcmana (ca) f
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 土庫曼人 / 土库曼人 (zh) (tǔkùmànrén)

• Czech: Turkmen (cs) m, Turkmenka (cs) f
• Dutch: Turkmeen (nl) m, Turkmeense (nl) f
• Esperanto: turkmeno, turkmenino (woman)
• Faroese: turkmeni m
• Finnish: turkmeeni (fi)
• French: Turkmène (fr) m or f
• Georgian: თურქმენი (turkmeni)
• German: Turkmene (de) m, Turkmenin (de) f
• Hungarian: türkmén (hu)
• Japanese: トルクメン人 (torukumenjin)
• Kazakh: түркмен (türkmen)
• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: تورکمان (turkman)

• Latvian: turkmēnis m, turkmēniete f
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: turkmener (no) m

  Nynorsk: turkmen (nn) m, turkmenar (nn) m

• Pashto: ترکمن m (torkmán)
• Persian: ترکمن (fa) (torkaman), ترکمان (torkmân)
• Polish: Turkmen (pl) m, Turkmenka (pl) f
• Portuguese: turcomeno (pt) m, turcomano (pt) m
• Romanian: turkmen (ro) m, turkmenă (ro) f
• Russian: туркме́н (ru) m (turkmén), туркме́нка (ru) f (turkménka)
• Slovak: Turkmén m, Turkménec m, Turkménka f
• Spanish: turcomano (es) m, turcomana (es) f
• Swahili: Mturukimeni (sw)
• Swedish: turkmen (sv) c, turkmenistanier (sv) c
• Tajik: туркман (turkman)
• Tatar: төрекмән (tt) (törekmän)
• Turkish: Türkmen (tr)
• Turkmen: türkmen

  Cyrillic: түркмен

• Ukrainian: туркме́н m (turkmén), туркме́нка f (turkménka)
• Uyghur: تۈركمەن (türkmen)
• Uzbek: turkman (uz)
• Yiddish: טורקמענער m (túrkmener)

Adjective

Turkmen (not comparable)

1. Of, from, or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language.

Translations

of or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language

• Arabic: تُرْكُمَانِيّ (turkumāniyy)
• Armenian: թուրքմենական (hy) (tʻurkʻmenakan)
• Azerbaijani: türkmən
• Bashkir: төрөкмән (törökmən), төркмән (törkmən)
• Belarusian: туркме́нскі (turkmjénski)
• Bulgarian: туркме́нски (turkménski)
• Catalan: turcman (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 土庫曼 / 土库曼 (zh) (Tǔkùmàn)

• Czech: turkmenský (cs)
• Dutch: Turkmeens (nl)
• Esperanto: turkmena
• Faroese: turkmenskur m
• French: turkmène (fr)
• Galician: turcomán (gl), turkmeno
• Georgian: თურქმენული (turkmenuli)
• German: turkmenisch (de)
• Hindi: तुर्कमेन (hi) (turkamen)
• Hungarian: türkmén (hu)
• Irish: Tuircméanastánach
• Italian: turkmeno (it)
• Kazakh: түрікмен (türıkmen)
• Kyrgyz: түркмөн (ky) (türkmön)
• Latvian: turkmēņu, turkmēnisks
• Macedonian: туркменски (turkmenski)
• Mongolian: туркмен (turkmen)

  Mongolian: ᠲᠦ᠋ᠷᠺᠮᠧᠨ (türkmēn)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: turkmensk (no)

  Nynorsk: turkmensk (nn)

• Persian: ترکمنی (fa) (torkamani)
• Polish: turkmeński (pl) m
• Portuguese: turcomeno (pt), turcomano (pt)
• Romanian: turkmen (ro)
• Russian: туркме́нский (ru) (turkménskij)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ту̀ркме̄нскӣ

  Roman: tùrkmēnskī (sh)

• Slovak: turkménsky (sk) m
• Spanish: turcomano (es)
• Swedish: turkmensk (sv)
• Tajik: туркманӣ (turkmani)
• Tatar: төрекмән (tt) (törekmän)
• Turkish: Türkmen (tr)
• Turkmen: türkmen

  Cyrillic: түркмен

• Ukrainian: туркме́нський (turkménsʹkyj)
• Uyghur: تۈركمەن (türkmen)
• Uzbek: turkman (uz)

Etymology 2

Treated as a plural of the deprecated term Turkman, influenced by English man, plural men.

Alternative forms

• Türkmen (deprecated, rare)

Noun

Turkmen

1. (deprecated) plural of Turkman

Usage notes

Usage of Turkman, especially as a singular of Turkmen, has steadily declined and has become rare in comparison with Turkmen (plural Turkmen or Turkmens) since the 19th century as can be seen here.

Further reading

• ISO 639-1 code tk, ISO 639-3 code tuk (SIL)
• Ethnologue entry for Turkmen, tuk ⁠

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈturkmɛn]

Noun

Turkmen m anim (female equivalent Turkmenka)

1. Turkmen, Turkoman, Turkman (person)

Declension

Declension of Turkmen (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	Turkmen	Turkmenové
genitive	Turkmena	Turkmenů
dative	Turkmenovi, Turkmenu	Turkmenům
accusative	Turkmena	Turkmeny
vocative	Turkmene	Turkmenové
locative	Turkmenovi, Turkmenu	Turkmenech
instrumental	Turkmenem	Turkmeny

Related terms

• Turkmenistán
• Turkmenka
• turkmenský
• turkmenština

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /turˈkmɛːn/

Adjective

Turkmen (feminine singular Turkmena, plural Turkmeni)

1. Turkmen (of, from or relating to Turkmenistan)

Noun

Turkmen m (plural Turkmeni, feminine Turkmena)

1. Turkmen (native or inhabitant of Turkmenistan)

Noun

It-Turkmen m

1. Turkmen (language)

Polish

Etymology

Ultimately from Turkmen Türkmen.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtur.kmɛn/
• Rhymes: -urkmɛn
• Syllabification: Tur‧kmen

Noun

Turkmen m pers (female equivalent Turkmenka)

1. Turkmen (native or inhabitant of Turkmenistan) (usually male)

Declension

Declension of Turkmen

	singular	plural
nominative	Turkmen	Turkmeni/Turkmeny (deprecative)
genitive	Turkmena	Turkmenów
dative	Turkmenowi	Turkmenom
accusative	Turkmena	Turkmenów
instrumental	Turkmenem	Turkmenami
locative	Turkmenie	Turkmenach
vocative	Turkmenie	Turkmeni

Related terms

• Turkmenistan
• turkmeński

Further reading

• Turkmen in Polish dictionaries at PWN