Turkmen
English edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
The current majority view for the etymology of the ethnonym Türkmen or Turcoman is that it comes from Türk and the Turkic emphasizing suffix -men, meaning "'most Turkish of the Turks' or 'pure-blooded Turks.'"[1] A folk etymology, dating back to the Middle Ages and found in al-Biruni and Mahmud al-Kashgari, instead derives the suffix -men from the Persian suffix -mānind, with the resulting word meaning "like a Turk". While formerly the dominant etymology in modern scholarship, this mixed Turkic-Persian derivation is now viewed as incorrect.[2]
Alternative forms edit
- Turcoman, Turkoman (via Medieval Latin Turcomannus, itself derived from Turkic via Persian ترکمان (torkamân))
- Turkman, Turkmán, Türkman (via Ottoman Turkish تركمان (Türkmân), itself derived from Turkic via Persian ترکمان (torkamân), dated)
- Türkmen (rare)
Noun edit
Turkmen (countable and uncountable, plural Turkmen or Turkmens)
- (countable) A person from Turkmenistan or of Turkmen descent.
- 2005, Chahryar Adle, History of Civilizations of Central Asia, page 316:
- The conquest took 16 years and ended in 1885 in a battle with the Afghans on the banks of the Murghab. During this period, the Turkmens offered the Russians stubborn resistance […]
- 2009, Barbara A. West, Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, page 841:
- Keimir-Ker, a Turkmen from the Tekke clan, led a rebellion against the Persians […]
- (uncountable) A Turkic language of the Turkmen spoken mostly in Turkmenistan.
Related terms edit
Translations edit
person from Turkmenistan or of Turkmen descent
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language spoken in Turkmenistan
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Adjective edit
Turkmen (not comparable)
- Of, from, or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language.
Translations edit
of or pertaining to Turkmenistan, the Turkmen people or the Turkmen language
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Etymology 2 edit
Treated as a plural of the deprecated term Turkman, influenced by English man, plural men.
Alternative forms edit
- Türkmen (deprecated, rare)
Noun edit
Turkmen
Usage notes edit
Usage of Turkman, especially as a singular of Turkmen, has steadily declined and has become rare in comparison with Turkmen (plural Turkmen or Turkmens) since the 19th century as can be seen here.
References edit
- ^ Clark, Larry (1996) Turkmen Reference Grammar[1], Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 4, Annanepesov, M. (1999) “The Turkmens”, in Dani, Ahmad Hasan, editor, History of civilizations of Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass, →ISBN, page 127, Golden, Peter (1992) An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples : ethnogenesis and state-formation in the medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Harrassowitz, pages 213–214.
- ^ Clark, Larry (1996) Turkmen Reference Grammar[2], Harrassowitz, →ISBN, pages 4–5,Annanepesov, M. (1999) “The Turkmens”, in Dani, Ahmad Hasan, editor, History of civilizations of Central Asia, Motilal Banarsidass, →ISBN, page 127,Golden, Peter (1992) An introduction to the history of the Turkic peoples : ethnogenesis and state-formation in the medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East, Harrassowitz, pages 213–214.
Further reading edit
- ISO 639-1 code tk, ISO 639-3 code tuk (SIL)
- Ethnologue entry for Turkmen, tuk
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
Turkmen m anim (feminine Turkmenka)
Declension edit
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms edit
Maltese edit
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
Turkmen (feminine singular Turkmena, plural Turkmeni)
- Turkmen (of, from or relating to Turkmenistan)
Noun edit
Turkmen m (plural Turkmeni, feminine Turkmena)
- Turkmen (native or inhabitant of Turkmenistan)
Noun edit
It-Turkmen m
- Turkmen (language)