Wiktionary

User:Aearthrise/Hieroglyphics/Egyptian Course

< User:Aearthrise‎ | Hieroglyphics

Egyptian Language ☥ (Ptolemaic Kingdom -> Roman Empire)

Cleomenes, Ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲙⲉⲛⲏⲥ
Egypt

Ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲙⲉⲛⲏⲥ

<1
q
l		 iwAmn
a		 s|A1
2>

Chapter 1

Welcome to the Egyptian Language Course! I, Andrew Earthrise, have created this course to teach you how to read Hieroglyphs and to understand the Egyptian language.

The most recent form of the Egyptian language is Coptic, which uses the Greek alphabet in Byzantine font with extra letters for Egyptian sounds; older Egyptian forms used Demotic and Hieratic writing, cursive forms of Hieroglyphs.

To learn more about the Coptic alphabet, click here!

I.

edit

Phonetics:

Classical Egyptian, the older language, had many glyphs for ideas and for specific consonant sounds. As time went on, consonants written in the older language disappeared from the spoken language. By the time of the Ptolemaic Kingdom- the inheritors of Alexander the Great's Egyptian kingdom, the usage of the older language was for religion and dedicated monuments.

The hieroglyphic writing system is very economical. Hieroglyphs did not write vowels for native Egyptian words, but Greek words used former consonants as vowels to spell phonetically. Ptolemaic hieroglyphs usage corresponds accordingly:

Vowels:

  • Tip: hover your mouse over hieroglyphs, you'll find vowels and consonants!
A,alpha-Ⲁⲁ
A
(Egyptian vulture)
E,eta-Ⲏⲏ
a
(arm)
I/Y,iota-Ⲓⲓ,Ⲩⲩ
i
(reed)/
y
(two strokes)

Many times, words beginning with this character make an a/e sound in Coptic Egyptian.

O,omicron- Ⲟⲟ
wA
}(lasso)
U,upsilon-Ⲩⲩ,Ⲟⲩⲟⲩ
w
/
W
(chick/abbreviated form of chick)

Consonants:

K/Ḳ,kappa/ḳi(chi)-Ⲕⲕ/Ⲭⲭ
k
/
q
(basket with handle/sloping hill)
M,mu-Ⲙⲙ
m
(owl)
N,nu-Ⲛⲛ
n
(water)
P/Ṗ,pi/ṗi(phi)-Ⲡⲡ,Ⲫⲫ
G41
/
p
(duck/mat)
R,ro-Ⲣⲣ
r
(mouth)
S,sigma-Ⲥⲥ
s
(folded cloth)
T/Ṫ,tau/ṫeta(theta)-Ⲧⲧ,Ⲑⲑ
t
(bread)

Determinatives:

Determinatives help distinguish words and make them more vivid. They refer to the action, person, object, or idea of the word.

{Man
A1
} {Woman
B1
} {Child
A17
} {Servant
A26
} {Cooking Brazier and Man
Q7A1
} {Dog
E14
} {Jackal
E15
}

Memorization:

The best way to memorize hieroglyphics and words is to draw the characters. When you copy the word, add details and color at your own pace! Your brain will remember the words when you are having creative fun!

1.

Cleomenes, Ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲙⲉⲛⲏⲥ
it|A1

Father, Ⲓⲱⲧ

Ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲙⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ ̀̀ⲫⲓⲱⲧ.

Kleomenes pe ṗ'yot.

Cleomenes is the father.



2.

Berenice, Ⲃⲉⲣⲉⲛⲓⲕⲏ
mwtw&t |B1

Mother, Ⲙⲁⲩ

Ⲃⲉⲣⲉⲛⲓⲕⲏ ⲧⲉ ̀̀ⲑ ⲙⲁⲩ.

Berenike te ṫ'mauw.

Berenice is the mother.




3.

Charmion, Ⲭⲁⲣⲙⲓⲟⲛ
S
r		 |A17

Son, Ϣⲏⲣⲓ

Ⲭⲁⲣⲙⲓⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ̀ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ.

Ḳarmion pe p'šeri

Charmion is the son.




4.

Harkhebi, Ϩⲱⲣϧⲉⲃⲓ
bAk|A26

Servant, Ⲃⲱⲕ

Ϩⲱⲣϧⲉⲃⲓ ⲡⲉ ̀ⲫⲃⲱⲕ

Horkhebi pe ṗ'bok

Harkhebi is the servant.

5.

Kanre, Ⲭⲁ̀ⲛⲣⲉ
mAk
i		 r
wA		 s|Q7A1

Cook, Ⲙⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ

Ⲭⲁ̀ⲛⲣⲏ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ.

Ḳa n're pe pi makiros.

Kanre is the cook.

6.

Anubis, Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ
wh
r		 |E14

Dog, Ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ

Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲡⲉ ⲡⲓⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ.

Anuwb pe pi uwhor.

Anubis is the dog.

II.

edit

Determinatives:

{Papyrus
V12
} {Room
pr
} {Bed,Coffin
A55
} {Tree
M1
} {Cooking Brazier
Q7
} {Walking
D54
}

7.

library, ⲙⲁ̀ⲛϫⲱⲙ
DAG17|V12

Book, Ϫⲱⲙ

Ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲙⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛϫⲱⲙ.

Kleomenes pe khen pi ma n'djom.

Cleomenes is in the library (place of books).




8.

atrium, ⲥⲃⲉ
sb|pr

Atrium, Ⲥⲃⲉ

Ⲃⲉⲣⲉⲛⲓⲕⲏ ⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ̀ⲡⲥⲃⲉ.

Berenike te khen p'sbe.

Berenice is in the atrium.




9.

bed, ⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ
nqd
d		 |A55

Sleeping, Ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ

{Ⲭⲁⲣⲙⲓⲟⲛ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ.

Ḳarmion pe khen pi ma n'enkot.

Charmion is in the bed (place of sleeping).


10.

garden, Ϭⲱⲙ
kAm|M1
pr

Garden, Ϭⲱⲙ

Ϩⲱⲣϧⲉⲃⲓ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϭⲱⲙ.

Horkhebi pe khen pi qom.

Harkhebi is in the garden.


11.

kitchen, ⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ
ps|Q7

Cooking, Ⲫⲓⲥⲓ

Ⲭⲁ̀ⲛⲣⲏ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ.

Ḳa n're pe khen pi ma n'ṗisi.

Kanre is in the kitchen (place of cooking).

12.

road, ⲙⲱⲓⲧ
mw&t |D54

Road, Ⲙⲱⲓⲧ

Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ.

Anuwb pe khen pi mowit.

Anubis is in the road.



III.

edit
Egyptian scribe's writing tools

Determinatives:

{Scroll(Written Ideas)
Y1V
} {Sitting
A3|A17|A17A|A18
} {Bed,Coffin
A55
} {Man carrying pot
A9
} {Inkboard, ink bottle, and stylus
Y3
}






13.

writing, ⲥϧⲁⲓ
Y3Y1V

Writing, Ⲥϧⲁⲓ

Ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲙⲉⲛⲏⲥ, ̀ⲫⲓⲱⲧ, ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛϫⲱⲙ.

Kleomenes, ṗ'yot, pe khen pi ma n'djom.

Kleomenes, the father, is in the library.

.

̀ⲫⲒⲱⲧ, ̀ϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛϫⲱⲙ.

ṗ'Yot f'skhai khen pi ma n'djom.

The father writes in the library.

14.

sitting, Ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ
N42ms|A17A

Sitting, Ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ

Ⲃⲉⲣⲉⲛⲓⲕⲏ, ̀ⲑⲙⲁⲩ, ⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ̀ⲡⲥⲃⲉ.

Berenike, ṫ'mauw, te khen p'sbe.

Berenice, the mother, is in the Atrium.

̀ⲑⲘⲁⲩ ̀ⲥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ̀ⲡⲥⲃⲉ.

ṫ'Mauw s'hemsi khen p'sbe.

The mother sits in the Atrium.

15.

sleeping, ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ

Ⲭⲁⲣⲙⲓⲟⲛ , ̀ⲡϣⲏⲣⲓ, ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ.

Ḳarmion, p'šeri, pe khen pi ma n'enkot

Charmion, the son, is in the bed.

̀ⲡϢⲏⲣⲓ ̀ϥⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ.

'p'Šeri, f'enkot khen pi ma n'enkot

Charmion sleeps in the bed.

16.

working, ̀ⲙⲕⲁϩ
mk
H		 |A9

Working, ̀Ⲙⲕⲁϩ

Ϩⲱⲣϧⲉⲃⲓ, ̀ⲫⲃⲱⲕ, ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϭⲱⲙ ⲡⲉ.

Horkhebi, ṗ'bok, khen pi qom pe.

Harkhebi, the servant, is in the garden.

̀ⲫⲂⲱⲕ ̀ϥ̀ⲙⲕⲁϩ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϭⲱⲙ

ṗ'Bok f'mkah khen pi qom.

The servant works in the garden.

17.

cooking, ⲫⲓⲥⲓ

Ⲭⲁ̀ⲛⲣⲏ, ⲡⲓⲙⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ, ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ ⲡⲉ.

Ḳa n're, pi makiros, khen pi ma n'ṗisi pe.

Kanre, the cook, is in the kitchen.

ⲡⲓⲘⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ ̀ϥⲫⲓⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ.

pi Makiros f'ṗisi khen pi ma n'ṗisi.

The cook cooks in the kitchen.

18.

sleeping, ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ

Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ, ⲡⲓⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ, ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ ⲡⲉ.

Anuwb, pi uwhor, khen pi mowit pe.

Anubis, the dog, is in the road.

ⲡⲓⲞⲩϩⲟⲣ ̀ϥⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ.

Pi uwhor f'enkot khen pi mowit.

The dog sleeps in the road.

IV.

edit

Determinatives:

{Reed with legs
ii
} {Man pointing at mouth
A2
} {Eye
D6
} {Man standing
A53
} {Man with arms raised
A28
} {Fly
L3
} {Man with sack
A33
}


Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ

<1
in
p		 E15
2>
garden, Ϭⲱⲙ

Ⲕⲗⲉⲟⲙⲉⲛⲏⲥ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϭⲱⲙ.

Kleomenes pe khen pi qom.

Kleomenes is in the garden.

̀Ⲛⲑⲟϥ ̀ϥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓϭⲱⲙ.

N'ṫof f'hemsi khen pi qom.

He sits in the garden.

atrium, ⲥⲃⲉ

̀ⲫⲂⲱⲕ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ̀ⲡⲥⲃⲉ.

ṗ'Bok, pe khen p'sbe.

The servant is in the atrium.

̀Ⲛⲑⲟϥ ̀ϥ̀ⲙⲕⲁϩ ϧⲉⲛ ̀ⲡⲥⲃⲉ.

N'ṫof f'mkah khen p'sbe.

He works in the atrium.

atrium, ⲥⲃⲉ

Ⲃⲉⲣⲉⲛⲓⲕⲏ ⲧⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ̀ⲡⲥⲃⲉ.

Berenike te khen p'sbe.

Berenice is in the atrium.

̀Ⲛⲑⲟⲥ ̀ⲥϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ̀ⲡⲥⲃⲉ.

N'ṫos s'hemsi khen p'sbe.

She sits in the atrium.

library, ⲙⲁ̀ⲛϫⲱⲙ

Ⲭⲁⲣⲙⲓⲟⲛ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛϫⲱⲙ ⲡⲉ.

Ḳarmion khen pi ma n'djom pe.

Charmion is in the library.

̀Ⲛⲑⲟϥ ̀ϥⲥϧⲁⲓ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛϫⲱⲙ.

N'ṫof f'skhai khen pi ma n'djom.

He writes in the library.

road, ⲙⲱⲓⲧ

Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲱⲓⲧ.

Anuwb pe khen pi mowit.

Anubis is in the road.

kitchen, ⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ

ⲡⲓⲘⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ.

pi Makiros pe khen pi ma n'ṗisi.

The cook is in the kitchen.

̀Ⲛⲑⲟϥ ̀ϥⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ.

N'ṫof f'enkot.

He sleeps.

food, ⲟⲩⲱⲙ

Ⲟⲩⲱⲙ ⲡⲉ ϧⲉⲛ ⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ.

Uwom pe khen pi ma n'ṗisi.

Food is in the kitchen.

kitchen, ⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ

Ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲃ ̀ϥ̀ⲓ ⲉϧⲟⲩⲛ ̀ⲉⲡⲓⲙⲁ̀ⲛⲫⲓⲥⲓ.

Anuwb f'i ekhoun e'pi ma n'ṗisi.

Anubis comes into the kitchen.

̀Ⲛⲑⲟϥ ̀ϥⲛⲁⲩ ̀ⲉⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲙ.

N'ṫof f'nau e'pi uwom.

He looks at the food.

eating, ⲟⲩⲱⲙ

ⲡⲓⲞⲩϩⲟⲣ ̀ϥⲟⲩⲱⲙ ̀ⲙⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲙ.

pi Uwhor f'uwom m'pi uwom.

The dog eats the food.

getting up, ⲧⲱⲛ

Ⲭⲁ̀ⲛⲣⲏ ̀ϥⲧⲱⲛϥ.

Ḳa n're f'ton'f.

Kanre gets up.

̀Ⲛⲑⲟϥ ̀ϥⲛⲁⲩ ̀ⲉⲡⲓⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ.

N'ṫof f'nau e'pi uwhor.

He looks at the dog.

yelling, ⲙⲟⲩϯ

ⲡⲓⲘⲁⲕⲓⲣⲟⲥ ̀ϥⲙⲟⲩϯ ̀ⲉⲀⲛⲟⲩⲃ.

pi Makiros f'muti e'Anuwb.

The cook yells at Anubis.

ⲡⲓⲐⲟ! ⲡⲓⲤⲟⲛⲓ!

pi Ṫo! pi Soni!

"Pest! Thief!"

fleeing, ⲫⲱⲧ

ⲡⲓⲞⲩϩⲟⲣ ̀ϥⲫⲱⲧ.

pi Uwhor f'ṗot.

The dog flees.




Practice

edit

Choose the correct answer

1.

wh
r		 |E14

Ⲟⲩϩⲟⲣ/Uwhor

A.Cook

B.Man

C.Dog

D.Book


2.

mwtw&t |B1

Ⲙⲁⲩ/Mauw

A.Food

B.Mother

C.Father

D.Sleeping


3.

Y3Y1V

Ⲥϧⲁⲓ/Skhai

A.Writing

B.Working

C.Woman

D.Eating

4.

bAk|A26

Ⲃⲱⲕ/Bok

A.Child

B.Father

C.Man

D.Servant

5.

N42ms|A17A

Ϩⲉⲙⲥⲓ/Hemsi

A.Eating

B.Sitting

C.Sleeping

D.Writing

7.

it|A1

Ⲓⲱⲧ/Yot

A.Woman

B.Father

C.Servant

D.Cook

8.

nqd
d		 |A55

Ⲉⲛⲕⲟⲧ/Enkot

A.Writing

B.Eating

C.Sleeping

D.Dog

9.

kAm|M1
pr

Ϭⲱⲙ/Qom

A.Kitchen

B.Library

C.Woman

D.Garden

10.

DAG17|V12

Ϫⲱⲙ/Djom

A.Writing

B.Eating

C.Book

D.Atrium

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