jackal

English

Canis mesomelas (black-backed jackal)

Etymology

From French chacal, chacale, checale, schakal, ciacale, from Turkish çakal, from Persian شغال‎ (šağâl).

Pronunciation

• Audio (US)

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• IPA^(key): /ˈdʒækəl/
• Rhymes: -ækəl

Noun

jackal (plural jackals)

1. Any of certain wild canids of the genus Canis, native to the tropical Old World and smaller than a wolf.
   • 1987, Brenda E. F. Beck, Peter J. Claus, Praphulladatta Goswami, Jawaharlal Handoo (editors), Folktales of India, page 289,

     In passing, it also mentions how the jackal and the tiger acquired their reddish spots. All of the animals referred to, except the deer, have tricksterlike personalities, both in this tale and in other story contexts. But the jackal is the most renowned of all for roguishness.

   • 2002, Fred H. Harrington, The Ethiopian Wolf‎^[1], page 6:

     Until recently, scientists thought Ethiopian wolves were a type of jackal. They gave Ethiopian wolves names like Semien jackal, Simenian jackal, or Ethiopian jackal.

   • 2007, McComas Taylor, The Fall of the Indigo Jackal: The Discourse of Division and Pūrnabhadra's Pañcatantra‎^[2], page 52:

     As we will see, the jackal is usually associated in the Indic context with death and impurity, and would therefore sit squarely at the bottom of Dumont's social hierarchy.

2. A person who performs menial/routine tasks, a dogsbody.
3. (derogatory) A person who behaves in an opportunistic way; especially a base collaborator.
4. (slang, rare) A jack (the playing card).

Hypernyms

• (any of certain wild canids of genus Canis): canid, dog

Hyponyms

• (any of certain wild canids of genus Canis): golden jackal (Canis aureus); black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas, Cape jackal, East African jackal); side-striped jackal (Canis adustus)

Derived terms

• American jackal (coyote)
• Simien jackal (Ethiopian wolf)

Descendants

• → Japanese: ジャッカル (jakkaru)
• → Korean: 자칼 (jakal)
• → Malay: jakal
  • Indonesian: jakal
• → Thai: แจ็กคัล (jɛ̀k-kal)

Translations

wild canine

• Abkhaz: абга (ābgā)
• Afrikaans: jakkals (af)
• Albanian: çakall (sq) m
• Arabic: اِبْن آوَى‎ m (ibn ʾāwā)
• Aramaic:

  Hebrew: ירורא‎ f (yārōrā’)

  Syriac: ܝܪܘܪܐ‎ f (yārōrā’)

• Armenian: շնագայլ (hy) (šnagayl)
• Assamese: শিয়াল (xial)
• Azerbaijani: çaqqal (az)
• Basque: txakal
• Belarusian: шака́л m (šakál)
• Bengali: শৃগাল (śrigal), শিয়াল (śiẏal)
• Bulgarian: чака́л (bg) m (čakál)
• Burmese: ခွေးအ (hkwe:a.), ခှေး
• Catalan: xacal (ca) m
• Chechen: чагІалкх (čagІalq)
• Chichewa: nkhandwe
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 胡狼 (zh) (húláng), 狐狼 (húláng), 豺狼 (zh) (cháiláng)

• Crimean Tatar: çaqal
• Czech: šakal (cs) m
• Danish: sjakal (da) c
• Dutch: jakhals (nl) m
• Egyptian: (zꜣb m), (wnš m)
• Esperanto: ŝakalo
• Estonian: šaakal (et)
• Faroese: sjakalur m
• Finnish: sakaali (fi)
• French: chacal (fr) m
• Galician: chacal (gl) m
• Georgian: ტურა (ṭura)
• German: Schakal (de) m, Schakalin f
• Greek: τσακάλι (el) n (tsakáli)

  Ancient: θώς m or f (thṓs), λυκοπάνθηρ m (lukopánthēr)

• Gujarati: શિયાળ m (śiyāḷ)
• Hawaiian: iākala, ʻīlio hae
• Hebrew: תַּן‎ (he) m (tan), אִי‎ (he) m (i) (biblical)
• Hindi: सियार (hi) m (siyār)
• Hungarian: sakál (hu)
• Icelandic: sjakali (is) m
• Ido: shakalo (io)
• Indonesian: jakal (id)
• Irish: seacál m
• Italian: sciacallo (it) m, sciacalla f
• Japanese: ジャッカル (ja) (jakkaru)
• Javanese: asu alas
• Kazakh: шағал (şağal), шақал (şaqal), қорқау (qorqaw), шиебөрі (şïeböri)
• Khmer: សិគាល (km) (sekiəl)
• Korean: 자칼 (ko) (jakal), 재칼 (jaekal)

• Kurdish:

  Central Kurdish: چەقەڵ‎ (ku) (çeqell)

  Northern Kurdish: çeqel (ku)

• Kyrgyz: көркоо (körkoo), чөө (ky) (çöö)
• Lak: чакъал (čaq:al)
• Lao: ຫມາຈອກ (mā chǭk) (fox, jackal, wild dog), ຫມາຈິກຈອກ (mā chik chǭk) (fox, jackal)
• Latin: canis aureus m, thōs, ciacalis m or f
• Latvian: šakālis m
• Lezgi: чакъал (čaq̄al)
• Lithuanian: šakalas (lt) m
• Macedonian: чакал m (čakal), шакал m (šakal)
• Malay:

  Jawi: جاکل‎

  Rumi: jakal

• Manx: coo conveyrt m
• Mongolian: цөөвөр чоно (tsöövör čono)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: sjakal (no) m

  Nynorsk: sjakal m

• Persian: شغال‎ (fa) (šoğâl)
• Polish: szakal (pl) m
• Portuguese: chacal (pt) m
• Rohingya: 𐴇𐴞𐴥𐴘𐴝𐴓‎ (híiyal) / híiyal
• Romanian: șacal (ro) m
• Russian: шака́л (ru) m (šakál)
• Sanskrit: सृगाल (sa) m (sṛgāla)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ша̏кал m

  Roman: šȁkal (sh) m

• Slovak: šakal (sk) m
• Slovene: šakal (sl) m
• Spanish: chacal (es) m
• Swahili: mbweha (sw) 9 or 10
• Swedish: schakal (sv) c, sjakal (sv) c
• Sylheti: ꠢꠤꠀꠟ (hial)
• Tagalog: tsakal
• Tajik: шағол (šaġol)
• Telugu: నక్క (te) (nakka)
• Thai: แจ็กคัล (jɛ̀k-kal)
• Tibetan: འཕར་བ ('phar ba)
• Tocharian B: niśācare
• Turkish: çakal (tr)
• Turkmen: şagal
• Ukrainian: шака́л m (šakál)
• Urdu: سیار‎ m (siyār)
• Uyghur: چىلبۆرە‎ (chilböre)
• Uzbek: shaqal (uz), chiyaboʻri (uz)
• Vietnamese: chó rừng
• Volapük: jakal (vo)
• Wolof: till gi (wo)
• Yiddish: שאַקאַל‎ m (shakal)
• Zulu: impungushe (zu) 9 or 10

person who performs menial/routine tasks

• Georgian: შავი სამუშაოს შემსრულებელი (šavi samušaos šemsrulebeli)

• Macedonian: аргат m (argat)

person who behaves in an opportunistic way

• Albanian: çakall (sq) m, çakalle (sq) f
• Finnish: liero (fi)
• Greek: τσακάλι (el) n (tsakáli)

• Italian: sciacallo (it) m
• Russian: шака́л (ru) m (šakál)
• Turkish: çakal (tr)

slang for the playing card jack

• Dutch: boer (nl) m

• Italian: fante (it) m

See also

• (canids) canid; coyote, dog, fox, jackal, wolf ^{(Category: en:Canids)}

References

• Weisenberg, Michael (2000) The Official Dictionary of Poker. MGI/Mike Caro University. →ISBN

Verb

jackal (third-person singular simple present jackals, present participle jackalling, simple past and past participle jackalled)

1. To perform menial or routine tasks
   • 1800, Pamphlets on British Taxation^[3]:

     They have jackalled for the great beast, to pick in turns the bones of each other; they have subserved those above, to oppress and defraud those below; and they are suffering, and, so far as classes can, justly suffering their purgation.