Xerxes

English

Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ξέρξης (Xérxēs), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (x-š-y-a-r-š-a /⁠Xšayāršā⁠/, “ruler among kings”). Doublet of Ahasuerus.

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈzɜːk.siːz/
• (US) enPR: zûrk'sēz, IPA^(key): /ˈzɝksiːz/

Proper noun

Xerxes (plural Xerxeses)

1. (historical) Xerxes I, a Persian king of the Achaemenid dynasty who reigned 485-465 BC.
2. (historical) Xerxes II, a Persian king who ruled for 45 days in 424 BC before being assassinated.
3. A male given name from Old Persian mainly applied to historical and fictional characters.

Translations

Xerxes I of Persia

• Albanian: Kserksi
• Arabic: خْشَايَارْشَا m (ḵšāyāršā), خَرْخَس m (ḵarḵas)
• Armenian: Քսերքսես (Kʻserkʻses)
• Czech: Xerxes m, Xerxés m
• Finnish: Kserkses I
• French: Xerxès (fr) m
• Georgian: ქსერქსე I (kserkse I)
• German: Xerxes (de) m
• Greek: Ξέρξης (el) m (Xérxis), Ξέρξης Α΄ m

  Ancient: Ξέρξης m (Xérxēs)

• Hebrew: אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ (he) (akhashverósh)
• Hindi: क्षयार्ष प्रथम (kṣayārṣ pratham), ख़शायर प्रथम m (xaśāyar pratham)
• Icelandic: Xerxes 1
• Indonesian: Ahasyweros
• Italian: Serse (it) m
• Korean: 크세르크세스 (keusereukeuseseu), 크세르크세스 (keusereukeuseseu)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: Xeşeyerşa I

• Latin: Xerxes m
• Latvian: Kserkss m
• Marathi: खशायर प्रथम (mr) m (khaśāyar pratham)
• Persian: خشایارشا (fa) m (xašâyâršâ), خشایار (fa) m (xašâyâr)

  Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (x-š-y-a-r-š-a /⁠xšayāršā⁠/)

• Polish: Kserkses I (pl) m
• Portuguese: Xerxes m
• Russian: Ксеркс m (Kserks)
• Sanskrit: क्षयर्ष प्रथम (kṣayarṣa prathama)
• Spanish: Jerjes I m
• Ukrainian: Ксеркс m (Kserks)

Xerxes II of Persia

• Armenian: Քսերքսես (hy) m (Kʻserkʻses)
• Czech: Xerxes m, Xerxés m
• Finnish: Kserkses II
• Greek: Ξέρξης Β΄ m
• Hindi: क्षयार्ष द्वितीय (kṣayārṣ dvitīya), ख़शायर द्वितीय m (xaśāyar dvitīya)
• Marathi: खशायर द्वितीय (mr) m (khaśāyar dvitīy)
• Polish: Kserkses II (pl) m
• Russian: Ксеркс m (Kserks)
• Sanskrit: क्षयर्ष द्वितीय (kṣayarṣa dvitīya)
• Spanish: Jerjes II m
• Ukrainian: Ксеркс m (Kserks)

given name

• Hindi: क्षयार्ष (hi) m (kṣayārṣ), ख़शायर m (xaśāyar)
• Marathi: खशायर m (khaśāyar)
• Polish: Kserkses (pl) m
• Sanskrit: क्षयार्ष (sa) m (kṣayārṣa)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: ^{(please verify)} خْشَايَارْشَا m (ḵšāyāršā), ^{(please verify)} خَرْخَس m (ḵarḵas)
• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} Kserkso
• Hebrew: ^{(please verify)} אחשורוש (he) m (akhashwerosh)
• Hungarian: ^{(please verify)} Xerxész (hu)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: ^{(please verify)} Xeşeyerşa

• Persian: ^{(please verify)} خشایارشا (fa) (xšâyâršâ), ^{(please verify)} خشایارشاه (fa) (xšâyâršâh)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ^{(please verify)} Ксеркс m

  Latin: ^{(please verify)} Kserks m

• Slovene: ^{(please verify)} Kserkses m
• Turkish: ^{(please verify)} Serhas

See also

• Ahasuerus
• Artaxerxes

Further reading

• “Xerxes”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• Xenophon in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Catalan

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Xerxes, from Ancient Greek Ξέρξης (Xérxēs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈʃɛr.ʃəs]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈʃər.ʃəs]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈʃeɾ.ʃes]

Proper noun

Xerxes m

1. Xerxes

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ξέρξης (Xérxēs).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈksɛrk.seːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈksɛrk.ses]

Noun

Xerxēs m sg (genitive Xerxae or Xerxis); variously declined, first declension, third declension

1. Xerxes (specifically Xerxes I)

Declension

Both first- and third-declension forms are found:

First-declension noun (masculine, Greek-type, nominative singular in -ēs), singular only.

	singular
nominative	Xerxēs
genitive	Xerxae
dative	Xerxae
accusative	Xerxēn
ablative	Xerxē
vocative	Xerxē

Third-declension noun, singular only.

	singular
nominative	Xerxēs
genitive	Xerxis
dative	Xerxī
accusative	Xerxem
ablative	Xerxe
vocative	Xerxēs

Descendants

• → Czech: Xerxes, Xerxés
• → Dutch: Xerxes
  • Afrikaans: Xerxes
• → English: Xerxes (see there for further descendants)
• → Finnish: Kserkses
• → French: Xerxès
• → Hungarian: Xerxész
• → Italian: Serse
• → Latvian: Kserkss
• → Portuguese: Xerxes
• → Spanish: Jerjes (see there for further descendants)

References

• “Xerxes”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• Xerxes in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Further reading

• Xerxes (nomen) on the Latin Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^la

Portuguese

Etymology

From Ancient Greek Ξέρξης (Xérxēs), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎹𐎠𐎼𐏁𐎠 (x-š-y-a-r-š-a /⁠Xšayāršā⁠/, “ruler among kings”). Doublet of Assuero, via Hebrew.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɛʁ.ʃis/ [ˈʃɛh.ʃis]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɛʁ.ʃis/ [ˈʃɛh.ʃis]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɛɾ.ʃis/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɛʁ.ʃiʃ/ [ˈʃɛχ.ʃiʃ]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɛɻ.ʃes/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʃɛɾ.ʃɨʃ/

Proper noun

Xerxes m

1. Xerxes (name of various Persian emperors)