Appendix:Latin third declension

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NounsEdit

DescriptionEdit

Latin nouns of the third declension comprise consonant stems and i-stems (e.g., as the i in the neutral genitive plural animalium). They are of all three genders, and have genitives in -is. The forms of the nominative and vocative singular are identical to each other and are often quite different from other cases, in which case both stems are given in citation forms.

Words borrowed from Greek's third declension are inflected with a varying mixture of Greek and Latin case endings.

ExamplesEdit

Consonant stemEdit

Citation form: homō, hominis m

Case Singular Plural
nominative homō homin·ēs
genitive homin·is homin·um
dative homin·ī homin·ibus
accusative homin·em homin·ēs
ablative homin·e homin·ibus
vocative homō homin·ēs
locative homin·e (-ī) homin·ibus

Neuter consonant stemEdit

Citation form: nōmen, nōminis n

Case Singular Plural
nominative nōmen nōmin·a
genitive nōmin·is nōmin·um
dative nōmin·ī nōmin·ibus
accusative nōmen nōmin·a
ablative nōmin·e nōmin·ibus
vocative nōmen nōmin·a
locative nōmin·ī nōmin·ibus

i-stemEdit

Citation form: turris, turris f

Case Singular Plural
nominative turris turrēs
genitive turris turrium
dative turrī turribus
accusative turrem (-im) turrēs (-īs)
ablative turre (-ī) turribus
vocative turris turrēs
locative turrī turribus

"Pure" i-stemEdit

Citation form: animal, animālis n

Case Singular Plural
nominative animal animālia
genitive animālis animālium
dative animālī animālibus
accusative animal animālia
ablative animālī animālibus
vocative animal animālia
locative animālī animālibus

Mixed declension (mixed i-stem)Edit

Citation form: nox, noctis f

Case Singular Plural
nominative nox noctēs
genitive noctis noctium
dative noctī noctibus
accusative noctem noctēs
ablative nocte noctibus
vocative nox noctēs
locative noctī noctibus

Greek declensionsEdit

Citation form: āēr, āeris m, sometimes f

Case Singular Plural
nominative āēr āer·ēs
genitive āer·is / āer·os āer·um
dative āer·ī āer·ibus
accusative āer·a / āer·em āer·ēs
ablative āer·e āer·ibus
vocative āēr āer·ēs
locative āer·ī āer·ibus

Citation form: tigris, tigridis m and f

Case Singular Plural
nominative tigris tigr·ēs / tigrid·ēs
genitive tigrid·is / tigr·is / tigrid·os tigr·ium
dative tigrid·ī / tigr·ī tigr·ibus
accusative tigr·im / tigr·in tigr·is / tigrid·as
ablative tigrid·e / tigr·ī tigr·ibus
vocative tigris tigr·ēs / tigrid·ēs
locative tigrid·ī / tigr·ī tigr·ibus

Similiar to i-stem declension:

Case Singular Plural
nominative -is -es
genitive -is; -os; -eos -ium; -eon
dative -i -ibus
accusative -im; -in -is, -es; -eis
ablative -i -ibus
vocative -is -es

Examples:

For feminine proper nouns from Greek in with genitive in -ūs, see Appendix:Latin fourth declension § Feminine -ō form (from Greek).


AdjectivesEdit

DescriptionEdit

Latin nouns of the third declension comprise consonant stems and i-stems. The consonant stems include the comparative form of adjectives. This declension is divided into three subcategories: adjectives of one termination (which includes present participles), adjectives of two terminations (one for m and f, and one for n), and adjectives of three terminations (which are generally -er m, -ris f and -re n).

ExamplesEdit

One-termination consonant stemEdit

Citation form: vetus, -eris

Case m f singular n singular m f plural n plural
nominative vetus vetus veter·ēs veter·a
genitive veter·is veter·is veter·um veter·um
dative veter·ī veter·ī veter·ibus veter·ibus
accusative veter·em vetus veter·ēs veter·a
ablative veter·e veter·e veter·ibus veter·ibus
vocative vetus vetus veter·ēs veter·a
locative veter·ī veter·ī veter·ibus veter·ibus

One-termination i-stemEdit

Citation form: atrōx, -ōcis

Case m f singular n singular m f plural n plural
nominative atrōx atrōx atrōc·ēs atrōc·ia
genitive atrōc·is atrōc·is atrōc·ium atrōc·ium
dative atrōc·ī atrōc·ī atrōc·ibus atrōc·ibus
accusative atrōc·em atrōx atrōc·ēs, ·īs atrōc·ia
ablative atrōc·ī atrōc·ī atrōc·ibus atrōc·ibus
vocative atrōx atrōx atrōc·ēs atrōc·ia
locative atrōc·ī atrōc·ī atrōc·ibus atrōc·ibus

Two-termination consonant stem (comparatives)Edit

Citation form: melior, -us

Case m f singular n singular m f plural n plural
nominative melior melius meliōr·ēs meliōr·a
genitive meliōr·is meliōr·is meliōr·um meliōr·um
dative meliōr·ī meliōr·ī meliōr·ibus meliōr·ibus
accusative meliōr·em melius meliōr·ēs meliōr·a
ablative meliōr·e meliōr·e meliōr·ibus meliōr·ibus
vocative melior melius meliōr·ēs meliōr·a
locative meliōr·ī meliōr·ī meliōr·ibus meliōr·ibus

Two-termination i-stemEdit

Citation form: tristis, -e

Case m f singular n singular m f plural n plural
nominative trist·is trist·e trist·ēs trist·ia
genitive trist·is trist·is trist·ium trist·ium
dative trist·ī trist·ī trist·ibus trist·ibus
accusative trist·em trist·e trist·ēs, -īs trist·ia
ablative trist·ī trist·ī trist·ibus trist·ibus
vocative trist·is trist·e trist·ēs trist·ia
locative trist·ī trist·ī trist·ibus trist·ibus

See alsoEdit