Appendix:Latin third declension
NounsEdit
DescriptionEdit
Latin nouns of the third declension comprise consonant stems and i-stems (e.g., as the i in the neutral genitive plural animalium). They are of all three genders, and have genitives in -is. The forms of the nominative and vocative singular are identical to each other and are often quite different from other cases, in which case both stems are given in citation forms.
Words borrowed from Greek's third declension are inflected with a varying mixture of Greek and Latin case endings.
ExamplesEdit
Consonant stemEdit
Citation form: homō, hominis m
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | homō | homin·ēs |
| genitive | homin·is | homin·um |
| dative | homin·ī | homin·ibus |
| accusative | homin·em | homin·ēs |
| ablative | homin·e | homin·ibus |
| vocative | homō | homin·ēs |
| locative | homin·e (-ī) | homin·ibus |
Neuter consonant stemEdit
Citation form: nōmen, nōminis n
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | nōmen | nōmin·a |
| genitive | nōmin·is | nōmin·um |
| dative | nōmin·ī | nōmin·ibus |
| accusative | nōmen | nōmin·a |
| ablative | nōmin·e | nōmin·ibus |
| vocative | nōmen | nōmin·a |
| locative | nōmin·ī | nōmin·ibus |
i-stemEdit
Citation form: turris, turris f
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | turris | turrēs |
| genitive | turris | turrium |
| dative | turrī | turribus |
| accusative | turrem (-im) | turrēs (-īs) |
| ablative | turre (-ī) | turribus |
| vocative | turris | turrēs |
| locative | turrī | turribus |
"Pure" i-stemEdit
Citation form: animal, animālis n
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | animal | animālia |
| genitive | animālis | animālium |
| dative | animālī | animālibus |
| accusative | animal | animālia |
| ablative | animālī | animālibus |
| vocative | animal | animālia |
| locative | animālī | animālibus |
Mixed declension (mixed i-stem)Edit
Citation form: nox, noctis f
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | nox | noctēs |
| genitive | noctis | noctium |
| dative | noctī | noctibus |
| accusative | noctem | noctēs |
| ablative | nocte | noctibus |
| vocative | nox | noctēs |
| locative | noctī | noctibus |
Greek declensionsEdit
Citation form: āēr, āeris m, sometimes f
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | āēr | āer·ēs |
| genitive | āer·is / āer·os | āer·um |
| dative | āer·ī | āer·ibus |
| accusative | āer·a / āer·em | āer·ēs |
| ablative | āer·e | āer·ibus |
| vocative | āēr | āer·ēs |
| locative | āer·ī | āer·ibus |
Citation form: tigris, tigridis m and f
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | tigris | tigr·ēs / tigrid·ēs |
| genitive | tigrid·is / tigr·is / tigrid·os | tigr·ium |
| dative | tigrid·ī / tigr·ī | tigr·ibus |
| accusative | tigr·im / tigr·in | tigr·is / tigrid·as |
| ablative | tigrid·e / tigr·ī | tigr·ibus |
| vocative | tigris | tigr·ēs / tigrid·ēs |
| locative | tigrid·ī / tigr·ī | tigr·ibus |
Similiar to i-stem declension:
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -is | -es |
| genitive | -is; -os; -eos | -ium; -eon |
| dative | -i | -ibus |
| accusative | -im; -in | -is, -es; -eis |
| ablative | -i | -ibus |
| vocative | -is | -es |
Examples:
For feminine proper nouns from Greek in -ō with genitive in -ūs, see Appendix:Latin fourth declension § Feminine -ō form (from Greek).
AdjectivesEdit
DescriptionEdit
Latin nouns of the third declension comprise consonant stems and i-stems. The consonant stems include the comparative form of adjectives. This declension is divided into three subcategories: adjectives of one termination (which includes present participles), adjectives of two terminations (one for m and f, and one for n), and adjectives of three terminations (which are generally -er m, -ris f and -re n).
ExamplesEdit
One-termination consonant stemEdit
Citation form: vetus, -eris
| Case | m f singular | n singular | m f plural | n plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | vetus | vetus | veter·ēs | veter·a |
| genitive | veter·is | veter·is | veter·um | veter·um |
| dative | veter·ī | veter·ī | veter·ibus | veter·ibus |
| accusative | veter·em | vetus | veter·ēs | veter·a |
| ablative | veter·e | veter·e | veter·ibus | veter·ibus |
| vocative | vetus | vetus | veter·ēs | veter·a |
| locative | veter·ī | veter·ī | veter·ibus | veter·ibus |
One-termination i-stemEdit
Citation form: atrōx, -ōcis
| Case | m f singular | n singular | m f plural | n plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | atrōx | atrōx | atrōc·ēs | atrōc·ia |
| genitive | atrōc·is | atrōc·is | atrōc·ium | atrōc·ium |
| dative | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ibus | atrōc·ibus |
| accusative | atrōc·em | atrōx | atrōc·ēs, ·īs | atrōc·ia |
| ablative | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ibus | atrōc·ibus |
| vocative | atrōx | atrōx | atrōc·ēs | atrōc·ia |
| locative | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ī | atrōc·ibus | atrōc·ibus |
Two-termination consonant stem (comparatives)Edit
Citation form: melior, -us
| Case | m f singular | n singular | m f plural | n plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | melior | melius | meliōr·ēs | meliōr·a |
| genitive | meliōr·is | meliōr·is | meliōr·um | meliōr·um |
| dative | meliōr·ī | meliōr·ī | meliōr·ibus | meliōr·ibus |
| accusative | meliōr·em | melius | meliōr·ēs | meliōr·a |
| ablative | meliōr·e | meliōr·e | meliōr·ibus | meliōr·ibus |
| vocative | melior | melius | meliōr·ēs | meliōr·a |
| locative | meliōr·ī | meliōr·ī | meliōr·ibus | meliōr·ibus |
Two-termination i-stemEdit
Citation form: tristis, -e
| Case | m f singular | n singular | m f plural | n plural |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | trist·is | trist·e | trist·ēs | trist·ia |
| genitive | trist·is | trist·is | trist·ium | trist·ium |
| dative | trist·ī | trist·ī | trist·ibus | trist·ibus |
| accusative | trist·em | trist·e | trist·ēs, -īs | trist·ia |
| ablative | trist·ī | trist·ī | trist·ibus | trist·ibus |
| vocative | trist·is | trist·e | trist·ēs | trist·ia |
| locative | trist·ī | trist·ī | trist·ibus | trist·ibus |