Lithuanian

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Usually explained as from Proto-Balto-Slavic *aiˀṣk-. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic ꙗснъ (jasnŭ) < Proto-Slavic *ě̀snъ implying a pre-Slavic form *ěsk-n-.[1][2] This is paralleled in Lithuanian raiškus (expressive) : Old Church Slavonic рѣснъ (rěsnŭ, true). Compare Russian искра́ (iskrá, spark); but Latvian īsts (true).

Pronunciation

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  • (áiškus) IPA(key): /ˈa͡ɪʂ.kʊs/
  • (aiškùs) IPA(key): /ɐ͡ɪʂˈkʊs/

Adjective

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áiškus m (feminine áiški, neuter áišku) stress pattern 3[3][4] or
áiškus m (feminine áiški, neuter áišku) stress pattern 1[4][5] or
aiškùs m (feminine aiškì, neuter aiškù) stress pattern 4[4]

  1. clear, bright, highly visible
  2. (weather) clear, cloudless
    áiškus óras - clear weather
  3. pristine, radiant, beautiful
  4. (about voice) clear, penetrating
    áiškus bal̃sas - a clear voice
  5. legible, neat, easy to read
  6. apparent, plain, obvious
    Dabar̃ mán vìskas áiškus.
    Now I get it.
    Áiškus dáiktas jõg negeraĩ, kàd taĩp padareĩ.
    It's obvious you shouldn't have done that.

Inflection

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While stress pattern 4 is generally preferred for adjectives in -us, there are a handful of words with an acute root stress that follow stress pattern 3. Compare lýgus (equal), smùlkus (fine, detailed), sódrus (lush) and tánkus (dense).

Given here is the inflection table for stress pattern 3:

Synonyms

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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See also

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References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 153
  2. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “aiškus”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 45
  3. ^ The template Template:R:lt:LKŽ does not use the parameter(s):
    1=aiškus
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    Naktinienė, Gertrūda, et al. (1941-2011) Lietuvių kalbos žodynas, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, →ISBN

  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 “aiškus” in Jonas Kruopas [et al.] (1968), Lietuvių Kalbos Žodynas, Vol. I. Vilnius: Mintis.
  5. ^ “aiškus” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.

Further reading

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  • “aiškus” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
  • aiškus”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2024
  • aiškus”, in Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of contemporary Lithuanian], ekalba.lt, 1954–2024