arfen

Galician

Verb

arfen

1. inflection of arfar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Old Irish

Etymology

ar- + Proto-Celtic *winati (“enclose”) (the Old Irish simplex *fenaid is unattested), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to weave, wind”); see also Sanskrit वयति (váyati), व्ययति (vyáyati), Latin vieō and Russian вить (vitʹ, “to wind, twist, weave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [arˈɸʲen]

Verb

ar·fen (verbal noun airbe)

1. to fence off
   • c. 700 the Irish Infancy Gospel of Thomas, published in "Two Old Irish Poems", in Ériu 18 (1958), pp. 1-27, edited and with translations by James Carney, stanza 1

     Imbu macán cóic bliadnae Ísu mac Dé bí, sénais dá huiscén dëac; arros·fí de crí. [MS. IMbu macan coigbliadhna iosa mac de bhi Senais da huiscen deac, ar ros fi de crí]

     When Jesus, son of the living God, was a little five-year-old boy, he blessed twelve small pools; he had fenced them in with clay.

2. to exclude

Inflection

Complex, class B IV present, reduplicated preterite

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.			ar·fen			ar·fenat	ar·fenar
	Prot.
Imperfect indicative	Deut.
	Prot.
Preterite	Deut.
	Prot.
Perfect	Deut.			arros·fí (with infixed pronoun s-)
	Prot.
Future	Deut.
	Prot.
Conditional	Deut.
	Prot.
Present subjunctive	Deut.
	Prot.
Past subjunctive	Deut.
	Prot.
Imperative
Verbal noun		airbe
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Related terms

• for·fen

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
ar·fen	ar·ḟen	ar·fen pronounced with /-β(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ar-fen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language