brónach

See also: bronach, brònach, and Brónach

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish brónach. By surface analysis, brón (“sorrow”) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /ˈbˠɾˠoːnˠəx/
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ˈbˠɾˠoːnˠəx/, /ˈbˠɾˠuːnˠəx/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ˈbˠɾˠoːnˠa(h)/

Adjective

brónach (genitive singular masculine brónaigh, genitive singular feminine brónaí, plural brónacha, comparative brónaí)

1. sad, sorrowful

   Synonyms: aiféalach, buartha

Declension

Declension of brónach

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	brónach	bhrónach	brónacha; bhrónacha²
Vocative	bhrónaigh		brónacha
Genitive		brónaí	brónacha	brónach
Dative	brónach; bhrónach¹	bhrónach; bhrónaigh (archaic)	brónacha; bhrónacha²
Comparative	níos brónaí
Superlative	is brónaí

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
brónach	bhrónach	mbrónach
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “brónach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brónach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “brónach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “brónach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Old Irish

Etymology

From brón +‎ -ach.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbroːnax/

Adjective

brónach (comparative brónchu)

1. sad, sorrowful; grievous
   • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16^b18

     "ni brónach donintarrái" glosses refectus est spiritus eius

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 86^d7

     bronchu glosses tristiora

Declension

o/ā-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	brónach	brónach	brónach
Vocative	brónaig* brónach**
Accusative	brónach	brónaig
Genitive	brónaig	brónaige	brónaig
Dative	brónuch	brónaig	brónuch
Plural	Masculine	Feminine/neuter
Nominative	brónaig	brónacha
Vocative	brónachu brónacha†
Accusative	brónachu brónacha†
Genitive	brónach
Dative	brónachaib
Notes	*modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative † not when substantivized

Descendants

• Irish: brónach
• Scottish Gaelic: brònach

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
brónach	brónach pronounced with /β(ʲ)-/	mbrónach
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brónach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language