-ach
ChuukeseEdit
SuffixEdit
-ach
- (added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)
Related termsEdit
Small objects, concepts | Large objects, living things | Suffix | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First person | ai | nei | -ei |
Second person | omw, om | noum | -om | |
Third person | an | noun | -an | |
Plural | First person | äm (exclusive) ach (inclusive) |
nöu̇m (exclusive) nöüch (inclusive) |
-em (exclusive) -ach (inclusive) |
Second person | ämi, ami | noumi | -emi | |
Third person | ar | nour | -er |
IrishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂ + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.
Alternative formsEdit
- -each (slender form)
SuffixEdit
-ach m
- Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
- Éire (“Ireland”) + -ach → Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)
- Sasana (“England”) + -ach → Sasanach (“English (person)”)
- Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
DeclensionEdit
For nouns:
For adjectives:
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.
SuffixEdit
-ach
- forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns
Middle IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ach
- Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".
- Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".
Usage notesEdit
After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Middle WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.
SuffixEdit
-ach
- forms a comparative adjective
Derived termsEdit
Old IrishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ach
- Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".
- Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".
Usage notesEdit
After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.
InflectionEdit
Adjective:
o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | -ach | -ach | -ach |
Vocative | -aig* -ach** | ||
Accusative | -ach | -aig | |
Genitive | -aig | -aige | -aig |
Dative | -uch | -aig | -uch |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | -aig | -acha | |
Vocative | -achu -acha† | ||
Accusative | -achu -acha† | ||
Genitive | -ach | ||
Dative | -achaib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Noun:
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | -ach | -achL | -aigL |
Vocative | -aig | -achL | -achuH |
Accusative | -achN | -achL | -achuH |
Genitive | -aigL | -ach | -achN |
Dative | -uchL | -achaib | -achaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Further readingEdit
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 347
Scottish GaelicEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -each (slender form)
EtymologyEdit
From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)
- Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.
Derived termsEdit
WelshEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.
SuffixEdit
-ach
- Forms a comparative adjective.
Usage notesEdit
Triggers fortition of the final consonant of the adjectival stem.
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Alternative formsEdit
SuffixEdit
-ach
- pejorative suffix
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
SuffixEdit
-ach f
- suffix forming abstract nouns and some verbnouns
- cyfrin (“privy, cryptic”) + -ach → cyfrinach (“secret”)
- cyfaill (“friend”) + -ach → cyfeillach (“fellowship, companionship”)
- clinc (“clink, tinkle”) + tarddu (“emerge, erupt”) + -ach → clindarddarch (“crackling; to crackle”)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ach”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies