calquer
English edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
calquer (plural calquers)
- One who calques.
- 2002, Manfred Görlach, Still More Englishes, page 144:
- This term became popular from the late 1960s onwards, languages being neatly divided between borrowers and calquers.
French edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
calquer
- to model, to imitate, to copy
- to trace, to copy onto a sheet of paper superimposed over the original, by drawing over its lines
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of calquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | calquer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | calquant /kal.kɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | calqué /kal.ke/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | calque /kalk/ |
calques /kalk/ |
calque /kalk/ |
calquons /kal.kɔ̃/ |
calquez /kal.ke/ |
calquent /kalk/ |
| imperfect | calquais /kal.kɛ/ |
calquais /kal.kɛ/ |
calquait /kal.kɛ/ |
calquions /kal.kjɔ̃/ |
calquiez /kal.kje/ |
calquaient /kal.kɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | calquai /kal.ke/ |
calquas /kal.ka/ |
calqua /kal.ka/ |
calquâmes /kal.kam/ |
calquâtes /kal.kat/ |
calquèrent /kal.kɛʁ/ | |
| future | calquerai /kal.kə.ʁe/ |
calqueras /kal.kə.ʁa/ |
calquera /kal.kə.ʁa/ |
calquerons /kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/ |
calquerez /kal.kə.ʁe/ |
calqueront /kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | calquerais /kal.kə.ʁɛ/ |
calquerais /kal.kə.ʁɛ/ |
calquerait /kal.kə.ʁɛ/ |
calquerions /kal.kə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
calqueriez /kal.kə.ʁje/ |
calqueraient /kal.kə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | calque /kalk/ |
calques /kalk/ |
calque /kalk/ |
calquions /kal.kjɔ̃/ |
calquiez /kal.kje/ |
calquent /kalk/ |
| imperfect2 | calquasse /kal.kas/ |
calquasses /kal.kas/ |
calquât /kal.ka/ |
calquassions /kal.ka.sjɔ̃/ |
calquassiez /kal.ka.sje/ |
calquassent /kal.kas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | calque /kalk/ |
— | calquons /kal.kɔ̃/ |
calquez /kal.ke/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “calquer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.