calque

See also: calqué

English

WOTD – 1 August 2007

Etymology

From French calque (“calque”, literally “copy, tracing”), from calquer (“to copy, trace”) (whence also calk), itself borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“to tread”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kælk/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ælk
• Homophones: calc, calk
• Hyphenation: calque

Noun

calque (plural calques)

1. (linguistics, translation studies) A word or phrase in a language formed by word-for-word or morpheme-by-morpheme translation of a word in another language.

   Synonyms: loan translation, calquing

   Hypernym: loan formation

   Coordinate term: (a term that is partially a calque and partially formally contains a foreign element) partial calque, loanblend

   The word “watershed” is a calque of the German “Wasserscheide”.

Hyponyms

• partial calque

Derived terms

• semi-calque

Trivia

• While the term calque is a loanword from French, the term loanword is a calque from the German compound noun Lehnwort.

Translations

word formed by word-for-word translation of a word in another language

• Afrikaans: leenvertaling (af), calque
• Arabic: تَرْجَمَة اِقْتِرَاضِيَّة‎ f (tarjama iqtirāḍiyya)
• Armenian: բառապատճեն (hy) (baṙapatčen)
• Belarusian: ка́лька f (kálʹka)
• Breton: drevezadenn f
• Bulgarian: ка́лка f (kálka)
• Catalan: calc (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 借譯, 借译 (ze³ jik⁶)

  Mandarin: 借譯, 借译 (jièyì), 仿造詞, 仿造词 (fǎngzàocí)

• Czech: kalk (cs) m
• Danish: oversættelseslån n
• Dutch: leenvertaling (nl) f
• Esperanto: paŭso (eo), tradukprunto, kalkeo
• Faroese: umsetingarlán n, týðingarlán n, tøkutýðing f
• Finnish: käännöslaina (fi)
• French: calque (fr) m
• Georgian: კალკი (ka) (ḳalḳi)
• German: Lehnübersetzung (de) f
• Greek: μεταφραστικό δάνειο (el) n (metafrastikó dáneio), εκτύπωμα (el) n (ektýpoma)
• Hungarian: tükörfordítás (hu), tükörszó (hu), megfelelő (hu)
• Icelandic: tökuþýðing f
• Indonesian: pinjam terjemah
• Irish: lomaistriúchán m
• Italian: calco (it) m

• Japanese: 翻訳借用 (ほんやくしゃくよう, hon'yaku shakuyō)
• Korean: 번역차용(翻譯借用) (beonyeokchayong)
• Latvian: kalks m
• Macedonian: преведеница f (prevedenica), калка f (kalka)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: oversettingslån n, oversettelseslån (no) n

  Nynorsk: omsetjingslån n

• Persian: گرته‌برداری‎ (fa) (gerte-bardâri)
• Polish: kalka (pl) f
• Portuguese: decalque (pt) m, decalque linguístico m
• Romanian: calc (ro) n
• Russian: ка́лька (ru) f (kálʹka)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ка̏лк m

  Roman: kȁlk (sh) m

• Slovak: kalk m
• Slovene: kalk m
• Spanish: calco (es) m
• Swedish: översättningslån (sv) n
• Thai: please add this translation if you can
• Turkish: birebir çeviri
• Ukrainian: ка́лька (uk) f (kálʹka)
• Welsh: cyfieithiad benthyg m
• Yiddish: קאַלקע‎ f (kalke)

See also

• Hobson-Jobson
• loanword
• metaphrase

Verb

calque (third-person singular simple present calques, present participle calquing, simple past and past participle calqued)

1. (linguistics, translation studies) To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts.

Translations

adopt a word by translation of its parts

• Arabic: please add this translation if you can
• Armenian: բառապատճենել (hy) (baṙapatčenel)
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 借譯, 借译 (ze³ jik⁶)

  Mandarin: 借譯, 借译 (jièyì)

• Czech: kalk (cs) m
• Danish: please add this translation if you can
• Finnish: omaksua käännöslaina
• French: calquer (fr)
• German: lehnübersetzen

• Indonesian: meminjam terjemah (id)
• Macedonian: калки́ра (kalkíra)
• Portuguese: decalcar
• Russian: калькировать (ru) (kalʹkirovatʹ)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: калки́рати

  Roman: kalkírati (sh)

• Spanish: calcar (es)
• Yiddish: קאַלקירן‎ (kalkirn)

References

• Douglas Harper (2001–2022), “calque”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
• calque at OneLook Dictionary Search
• “calque” in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

Anagrams

• claque

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Asturian

Verb

calque

1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive of calcar

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French

Etymology

Deverbal of calquer, borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre (“I tread”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kalk/

• Audio

  (file)

Noun

calque m (plural calques)

1. tracing (the reproduction of an image made by copying it through translucent paper)
2. (lexicography) calque, loan translation
3. (computer graphics) layer

Descendants

• → Belarusian: ка́лька (kálʹka)
• → Bulgarian: ка́лка (kálka)
• → Catalan: calc (semantic loan)
• → Czech: kalk
• → English: calque
• → Georgian: კალკი (ḳalḳi)
• → Italian: calco (semantic loan)
• → Latvian: kalks
• → Macedonian: калка (kalka)
• → Polish: kalka
• → Romanian: calc
• → Russian: ка́лька (kálʹka)
• → Serbo-Croatian: ка̏лк (kȁlk)
• → Slovak: kalk
• → Slovene: kalk
• → Spanish: calco (semantic loan)
• → Ukrainian: ка́лька (kálʹka)
• → Yiddish: קאַלקע‎ (kalke)

Further reading

• “calque”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

• claque, claqué

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Portuguese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Brazil) /ˈkaw.ki/, [ˈkaʊ̯.ki]

• IPA^(key): (Portugal) /ˈkal.kɨ/, [ˈkaɫ.kɨ]

• Hyphenation: cal‧que
• Rhymes: -alkɨ, -awki

Verb

calque

1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of calcar
2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of calcar
3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of calcar
4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of calcar

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Spanish

Verb

calque

1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of calcar.
2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of calcar.
3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of calcar.
4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted^?) present subjunctive form of calcar.