model
English edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
From Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus (“measure, standard”), diminutive of modus (“measure”); see mode, and compare module, modulus, mould, mold.
Pronunciation edit
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈmɒdl̩/
- (US) IPA(key): /ˈmɑdl̩/, [ˈmɑ.ɾɫ]
Audio (US) (file) - Hyphenation: mod‧el
- Rhymes: -ɒdəl
Noun edit
model (plural models)
- A person who serves as a subject for artwork or fashion, usually in the medium of photography but also for painting or drawing.
- The beautiful model had her face on the cover of almost every fashion magazine imaginable.
- A person, usually an attractive male or female, who is hired to show items or goods to the public, such as items that are given away as prizes on a TV game show.
- A representation of a physical object, usually in miniature.
- The boy played with a model of a World War II fighter plane.
- c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene ii]:
- I had my father's signet in my purse, / Which was the model of that Danish seal.
- 1726, [Joseph Addison], Dialogues Upon the Usefulness of Ancient Medals. […], [London], →OCLC, page 23:
- You have here the models of ſeveral ancient Temples, though the Temples themſelves, and the Gods that were worſhipped in them, are periſhed many hundred years ago.
- A simplified representation used to explain the workings of a real world system or event.
- machine learning model
- The computer weather model did not correctly predict the path of the hurricane.
- 2007 November 1, Jeff Goodell, quoting James Lovelock, “James Lovelock, the Prophet”, in Rolling Stone[3]:
- The trouble is, all those well-intentioned scientists who are arguing that we’re not in any imminent danger are basing their arguments on computer models. I’m basing mine on what’s actually happening.
- 2013 June 29, Leo Montada, “Coping with Life Stress”, in Herman Steensma, Riël Vermunt, editors, Social Justice in Human Relations Volume 2: Societal and Psychological Consequences of Justice and Injustice[4], Springer Science & Business Media, →ISBN, page 26:
- The fourth model is called the enlightment model: Actors are seen to be responsible for problems but unable or unwilling to provide solutions. They are believed to need discipline provided by authoritative guidance. The Alcoholic Anonymous[sic] groups are considered prototypical for this model.
- A style, type, or design.
- He decided to buy the turbo engine model of the sports car.
- This year's model features four doors instead of two.
- The structural design of a complex system.
- The team developed a sound business model.
- A successful example to be copied, with or without modifications.
- He was a model of eloquence and virtue.
- British parliamentary democracy was seen as a model for other countries to follow.
- 1960 December, “The Glasgow Suburban Electrification is opened”, in Trains Illustrated, page 714:
- Above all, the 48-page timetables of the new service, which have been distributed free at every station in the scheme, are a model to the rest of B.R. For the first time on British Railways, so far as we are aware, a substantial timetable has been produced, not only without a single footnote but also devoid of all wearisome asterisks, stars, letter suffixes and other hieroglyphics.
- 2013 June 22, “Engineers of a different kind”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 70:
- Private-equity nabobs bristle at being dubbed mere financiers. […] Much of their pleading is public-relations bluster. Clever financial ploys are what have made billionaires of the industry’s veterans. “Operational improvement” in a portfolio company has often meant little more than promising colossal bonuses to sitting chief executives if they meet ambitious growth targets. That model is still prevalent today.
- (logic) An interpretation function which assigns a truth value to each atomic proposition.
- (logic) An interpretation which makes a set of sentences true, in which case that interpretation is called a model of that set.
- (medicine) An animal that is used to study a human disease or pathology.
- Any copy, or resemblance, more or less exact.
- 1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii]:
- Thou seest thy wretched brother die, / Who was the model of thy father's life.
- (software architecture) In software applications using the model-view-controller design pattern, the part or parts of the application that manage the data.
Synonyms edit
- See Thesaurus:model
Antonyms edit
- antimodel, see also Thesaurus:jerk
Hyponyms edit
- abstract model
- animal model
- arbitrage pricing model
- Bohr model
- business model
- causal model
- commercial model
- computer model
- database model
- data model
- delegation-based model
- delegation model
- Document Object Model
- dog-flea model
- economy model
- enterprise architecture model
- entity-relationship model
- execution model
- fashion model
- fetish model
- fitness model
- glamour model
- information model
- late model
- mark to model
- mathematical model
- mental model
- object model
- object-relational model
- production model
- relational model
- role model
- runway model
- Rutherford-Bohr model
- Rutherford model
- scale model
- scientific model
- solid model
- view model
- V-model
- waterfall model
- water-line model
Derived terms edit
- acculturation model
- acoustic model
- ball-and-stick model
- Bertrand-Edgeworth model
- Beveridge model
- Black-Scholes model
- block model
- bootstrap model
- Bouc-Wen model
- box model
- bumblebee model
- cache language model
- calotte model
- cisternal maturation model
- cloverleaf model
- cobweb model
- computational model
- conservative model
- Copernican model
- CPK model
- dispersive model
- Dreyfus model
- Dreyfus model of skill acquisition
- dual-sector model
- Duluth model
- Ehrenfest model
- FK model
- floor model
- Frenkel-Kontorova model
- glamor model
- halfway model
- hand model
- Hardy-Weinberg model
- hidden Markov model
- information deficit model
- Ising model
- Jiles-Atherton model
- Kripke model
- Kuramoto model
- language model
- large language model
- Lewis model
- lumped-element model
- Markov model
- mark-to-model
- meta model
- meta-model
- model-based design
- model-based testing
- model basin
- model building
- model car
- model-country
- model country
- model dairy
- model-driven architecture
- model-driven testing
- model house
- model minority
- model nation
- model number
- model-view-presenter
- model village
- new-model
- Nice model
- Ogden-Roxburgh model
- OSI model
- part-whole model
- plum pudding model
- polder model
- Preisach model
- Putnam model
- quark model
- Rasch model
- rôle model
- Schwarzschild model
- ship model basin
- sliding filament model
- space-filling model
- spacefilling model
- spaghetti model
- split attraction model
- standard model
- Standard model
- sub-model
- Swedish model
- tick-tock model
- toy model
- utility model
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- → Cantonese: 模特兒/模特儿 (mou4 dak6 ji4), 摩度
- → Cebuano: model
- → Mandarin: 模特兒/模特儿, 麻豆 (neologism)
- → Swahili: modeli
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Adjective edit
model (not comparable)
- Worthy of being a model; exemplary.
- Synonym: ideal
- 1898, John Thorburn, The St. Andrew's Society of Ottawa: 1846-1897 : sketch, page 40:
- [...] from the land of your origin, because you demand the claims of those who believe it more model than yours, [...]
- 1932, Nora Fugger, translated by James Austin Galaston, The Glory of the Habsburgs: the Memoirs of Princess Fugger, page 35:
- Methods of game-preservation in their extensive and well-stocked hunting-grounds were as model as the huntsmanlike management of the hunts.
- 1934, Charles Ryle Fay, Imperial economy and its place in the formation of economic doctrine, 1600-1932, page 143:
- [...] and we press with special severity on one small country whose agriculture is as model as is her way of rural life.
- 1956, Stephen Rynne, All Ireland, page 54:
- True, it is an untidy county; the farmhouses are much more model than the farms (when we reach Antrim we shall find that the farms are more model than the farmhouses).
- 1961, Blackwood's Magazine, volume 289, page 525:
- At our approach the animals made so much noise that the owners of the hut peered round the door to see what was the matter; outwardly rather less model than the farm, there appeared two ancient Basques, emblematically black-bereted, gnarled [...]
- 1968, American County Government, volume 33, page 19:
- But not all the exchanges were as model as the sergeant. Some of the exchangees showed a rigidity and reluctance to adapt.
- 1999, Michael D. Williams, Acquisition for the 21st century: the F-22 Development Program, page 113:
- It is as model as you can get.
- 2002, Uma Anand Segal, A framework for immigration: Asians in the United States, page 308:
- While Asians have been perceived as the model minority, it is increasingly clear that some Asian groups are more model than are others, and even within these model groups, a division exists [...]
- 2010, Eleanor Coppola, Notes on a Life, page 140:
- All were neat and well kept which added to the sense that they were more model than real.
Translations edit
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- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
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Verb edit
model (third-person singular simple present models, present participle (UK) modelling or (US) modeling, simple past and past participle (UK) modelled or (US) modeled)
- (transitive) to display for others to see, especially in regard to wearing clothing while performing the role of a fashion model
- She modelled the shoes for her friends to see.
- (transitive) to use as an object in the creation of a forecast or model
- They modelled the data with a computer to analyse the experiment’s results.
- 2023 June 28, Mel Holley, “A true transport trailblazer?”, in RAIL, number 986, page 34:
- What passenger growth might be achieved by this can be modelled, but experience shows that in the post-COVID environment, accurate modelling is exceptionally difficult.
- (transitive) to make a miniature model of
- He takes great pride in his skill at modeling airplanes.
- (transitive) to create from a substance such as clay
- The sculptor modelled the clay into the form of a dolphin.
- (intransitive) to make a model or models
- (intransitive) to work as a model in art or fashion
- The actress used to model before being discovered by Hollywood.
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Translations edit
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Further reading edit
- “model”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “model”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- Category:model on Wikimedia Commons.Wikimedia Commons
Anagrams edit
Albanian edit
Etymology edit
Ultimately from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus (“measure, standard”).
Noun edit
model m (plural modele, definite modeli, definite plural modelet)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
Catalan edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
model m (plural models)
Noun edit
model m or f by sense (plural models)
- model (person)
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “model” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “model”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “model” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “model” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Cebuano edit
Pronunciation edit
- Hyphenation: mo‧del
Etymology 1 edit
Borrowed from English model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of Latin modulus (“measure, standard”), diminutive of modus (“measure”).
Noun edit
model
- fashion model
- model, poser; someone who poses for a photograph or painting
- framework
- example
Verb edit
model
- to model
- to become or work as a fashion model
- to pose
Synonyms edit
Etymology 2 edit
From the Cebuano phrase mo-deliver ug lunggon (“someone who delivers coffins”).
Noun edit
model
- (colloquial, humorous) a funeral home worker; a funeral director or funeral attendant See usage notes.
Usage notes edit
- Used to poke fun at a good-looking or well-dressed person.
Crimean Tatar edit
Etymology edit
Noun edit
model
Declension edit
nominative | model |
---|---|
genitive | modelniñ |
dative | modelge |
accusative | modelni |
locative | modelde |
ablative | modelden |
References edit
Czech edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Noun edit
model m inan
- (art) model (artistic template)
- model (reduced-scale template, e.g. scale model)
- model (of a car, aircraft, etc.)
- (metallurgy) model, mold
- (mathematics) (formal) model
Declension edit
Descendants edit
- → Silesian: model
Noun edit
model m anim (feminine modelka)
Declension edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun edit
model f
Further reading edit
Dutch edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
model n (plural modellen, diminutive modelletje n)
- model (type, design)
- model (someone or something serving as an artistic subject)
- model (simplified representation)
- model (miniature)
- model (prototype)
- shape, the proper arrangement of something
Derived terms edit
- atoommodel
- computermodel
- fotomodel
- gipsmodel
- klimaatmodel
- modelactie
- modelboerderij
- modelbouw
- modelbouwer
- modelburger
- modelflat
- modelhoed
- modeljas
- modelkamer
- modelkleding
- modelleren
- modelleur
- modelschoen
- modelstaat
- modeltrein
- modelvliegtuig
- modelwoning
- modemodel
- naaktmodel
- poldermodel
- rekenmodel
- rolmodel
- schaalmodel
- scheepsmodel
- schildersmodel
- supermodel
- taalmodel
- tekenmodel
- verkeersmodel
- weermodel
Descendants edit
Indonesian edit
Etymology edit
From Dutch model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello, from Vulgar Latin *modellus, diminutive form of modulus. Doublet of mode, modern, modul, and modus.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
modèl (first-person possessive modelku, second-person possessive modelmu, third-person possessive modelnya)
- model,
- a style, type, or design.
- a person who serves as a subject for artwork or fashion, usually in the medium of photography but also for painting or drawing.
- a person, usually an attractive female, hired to show items or goods to the public, such as items given away as prizes on a TV game show.
- a representation of a physical object, usually in miniature.
- (psychology) role model, a person who serves as an example, whose behavior is emulated by others
Derived terms edit
Further reading edit
- “model” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Italian modello.[1] First attested in 1561.[2] Compare Silesian model. Doublet of modła and moduł.
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ˈmɔ.dɛl/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈmɔ.dɛl/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ɔdɛl
- Syllabification: mo‧del
Noun edit
model m inan (diminutive modelik, related adjective modelowy)
- model (a representation of a physical object, usually in miniature)
- model (the structural design of a complex system)
- Synonyms: paradygmat, szablon, wzorzec, wzór
- model (a style, type, or design)
- Synonym: typ
- model (way of organizing something)
- model (object used to prepare casting molds)
- model (a successful example to be copied, with or without modifications)
- model (trial copy of a series of technical products)
- model (any copy, or resemblance, more or less exact)
Declension edit
Noun edit
model m pers (female equivalent modelka)
- model (a person who serves as a subject for artwork or fashion, usually in the medium of photography but also for painting or drawing)
- model (person who serves as a subject for artwork)
- (colloquial) funny guy (person who makes one laugh or shocks with their behavior)
Declension edit
Derived terms edit
- modelować impf, wymodelować pf
Related terms edit
Trivia edit
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), model is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 39 times in scientific texts, 3 times in news, 19 times in essays, 1 time in fiction, and 2 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 64 times, making it the 1023rd most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[3]
References edit
- ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “model”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- ^ Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “model”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “model”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language][1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 253
Further reading edit
- model in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- model in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Ewa Rodek (07.12.2022) “MODEL”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “model”, in Słownik języka polskiego[6]
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “model”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[7]
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1902), “model”, in Słownik języka polskiego[8] (in Polish), volume 2, Warsaw, page 1025
Romanian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from French modèle or Italian modello.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
model n (plural modele)
- a template
Declension edit
Serbo-Croatian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from German Modell or French modèle, from Italian modello, from Latin modellus.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
mòdel m (Cyrillic spelling мо̀дел)
- model (clarification of this definition is needed)
Declension edit
References edit
- “model” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Silesian edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
model m inan (related adjective modelowy)
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Aleksandra Wencel (2023) “model”, in Dykcjůnôrz ślų̊sko-polski[2], page 409
Further reading edit
- model in silling.org
- Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022) “model”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 97
Turkish edit
Etymology edit
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
model (definite accusative modeli, plural modeller)
- model (clarification of this definition is needed)
Declension edit
Welsh edit
Etymology edit
From English model, from Middle French modelle, from Old Italian modello.
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
model m or f (plural modelau)
Mutation edit
Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
model | fodel | unchanged | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “model”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies