cruaidh

Irish

Pronunciation

• (Munster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠuəɟ/, [kɾˠuɛ̯ɟ]
• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /kɾˠuə/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /kɾˠuəj/, [kɾˠui̯]

Etymology 1

Noun

cruaidh f (genitive singular cruadhach)

1. Alternative form of cruach (“steel”)

Declension

Declension of cruaidh

Fifth declension

Bare forms (no plural for this noun): Case Singular Nominative cruaidh Vocative a chruaidh Genitive cruadhach Dative cruaidh cruadhaigh (archaic, dialectal)

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Nominative an chruaidh Genitive na cruadhach Dative leis an gcruaidh leis an gcruadhaigh (archaic, dialectal) don chruaidh don chruadhaigh (archaic, dialectal)

Etymology 2

Noun

cruaidh f

1. Munster, Ulster, and superseded form of crua (“hard”)

Adjective

cruaidh (genitive singular feminine cruaidhe, plural cruaidhe, comparative cruaidhe)

1. Munster, Ulster, and superseded form of crua (“hard”)

Declension

Declension of cruaidh

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	cruaidh	chruaidh	cruaidhe; chruaidhe²
Vocative	chruaidh		cruaidhe
Genitive		cruaidhe	cruaidhe	cruaidh
Dative	cruaidh; chruaidh¹	chruaidh	cruaidhe; chruaidhe²
Comparative	níos cruaidhe
Superlative	is cruaidhe

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
cruaidh	chruaidh	gcruaidh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruaidh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish crúaid (“hard”), from Proto-Celtic *kroudis, from Proto-Indo-European *krewh₂-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʰɾuəj/

Adjective

cruaidh

1. hard
2. callous
3. harsh

Derived terms

• bathar-cruaidh (“hardware”)
• clàr cruaidh (“hard disk”)
• cluaran-cruaidh (“sow thistle”)
• raineach chruaidh (“hard fern”)

Noun

cruaidh f (genitive singular cruadhach or cruaidhe, plural cruadhaichean)

1. anchor
2. steel

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
cruaidh	chruaidh
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “cruaidh”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[1], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crúaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language