cruach
Irish edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /kɾˠuəx/[1]
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /kɾˠɔx/ (when unstressed in the phrase cruach fhéir (“hayrick”) /kɾˠɔxˈeiɾʲ/)[2]
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
Noun edit
cruach f (genitive singular cruach)
- steel (metal alloy)
Declension edit
Bare forms (no plural of this noun)
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Derived terms edit
- cruach charbóin (“carbon steel”)
- giotár cruach (“steel guitar”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Middle Irish crúach, from Old Irish crúach (“stack; mountain, hill”),[3] from Proto-Celtic *krowkos (“heap”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krewH- (“to heap up”), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”), Lithuanian kruvà (“heap”).[4][5]
Noun edit
cruach f (genitive singular cruaiche, nominative plural cruacha)
Declension edit
Bare forms
|
Forms with the definite article
|
Descendants edit
Verb edit
cruach (present analytic cruachann, future analytic cruachfaidh, verbal noun cruachadh, past participle cruachta)
- (transitive) stack; pile
Conjugation edit
* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis
Derived terms edit
- is é cosaint na pingine a chruachas na puint (“take care of the pennies and the pounds will take care of themselves”)
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
cruach | chruach | gcruach |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 151, page 59
- ^ Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, § 27, page 14
- ^ G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 crúach”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krowko-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 226-27
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 616, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 616
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “cruach” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “cruach” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Scottish Gaelic edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish crúach (“stack of corn; rick; heap, conical pile; mountain, hill”), from Proto-Celtic *krowko- (“heap”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *krā(u)- (“to heap up”), shared with Proto-Germanic *hraukaz (“heap”), Lithuanian krûvà (“heap”).[1][2]
Noun edit
cruach f (genitive singular cruaiche, plural cruachan)
Derived terms edit
- cho seasgair ri luchag ann an cruach (“snug as a bug in a rug”, literally “snug as a mouse in a haystack”)
Etymology 2 edit
From Old Irish crúachaid (“heaps, piles”), from crúach (“heap, pile”).
Verb edit
cruach (past chruach, future cruachaidh, verbal noun cruachadh, past participle cruachte)
Mutation edit
Scottish Gaelic mutation | |
---|---|
Radical | Lenition |
cruach | chruach |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
References edit
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “krowko”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 226-27
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1513, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1513