envoyer
French edit
Etymology edit
Inherited from Old French enveier, from Late Latin inviāre, from Latin via (“road, path”). Compare Spanish, Portuguese, Occitan, and Catalan enviar, Italian inviare. The irregularity on future and conditional stem were influenced by that of voir.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
envoyer
Conjugation edit
This verb is one of a few verbs that conjugate like noyer, except in the future and conditional, where they conjugate like voir.
Conjugation of envoyer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | envoyer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | envoyant /ɑ̃.vwa.jɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | envoyé /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
envoies /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
envoyons /ɑ̃.vwa.jɔ̃/ |
envoyez /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ |
envoient /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
| imperfect | envoyais /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛ/ |
envoyais /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛ/ |
envoyait /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛ/ |
envoyions /ɑ̃.vwaj.jɔ̃/ |
envoyiez /ɑ̃.vwaj.je/ |
envoyaient /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | envoyai /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ |
envoyas /ɑ̃.vwa.ja/ |
envoya /ɑ̃.vwa.ja/ |
envoyâmes /ɑ̃.vwa.jam/ |
envoyâtes /ɑ̃.vwa.jat/ |
envoyèrent /ɑ̃.vwa.jɛʁ/ | |
| future | enverrai /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁe/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁe/ |
enverras /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁa/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁa/ |
enverra /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁa/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁa/ |
enverrons /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁɔ̃/ |
enverrez /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁe/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁe/ |
enverront /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | enverrais /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁɛ/ |
enverrais /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁɛ/ |
enverrait /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁɛ/ |
enverrions /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁjɔ̃/ |
enverriez /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁje/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁje/ |
enverraient /ɑ̃.vɛ.ʁɛ/ or /ɑ̃.ve.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
envoies /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
envoyions /ɑ̃.vwaj.jɔ̃/ |
envoyiez /ɑ̃.vwaj.je/ |
envoient /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
| imperfect2 | envoyasse /ɑ̃.vwa.jas/ |
envoyasses /ɑ̃.vwa.jas/ |
envoyât /ɑ̃.vwa.ja/ |
envoyassions /ɑ̃.vwa.ja.sjɔ̃/ |
envoyassiez /ɑ̃.vwa.ja.sje/ |
envoyassent /ɑ̃.vwa.jas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | envoie /ɑ̃.vwa/ |
— | envoyons /ɑ̃.vwa.jɔ̃/ |
envoyez /ɑ̃.vwa.je/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Synonyms edit
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “envoyer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.