fogal

Old Dutch

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz.

Noun

fogal m

1. bird

   Thie fogal ne is hiera. Thie is bi themo thorpe.

   The bird is not here. It (literally "he") is in the town.

   • Hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan

     All birds have started to build their nests

Inflection

Declension of fogal

	Singular	Plural
nominative	fogal	fogala
accusative	fogal	fogala
genitive	fogales	fogalo
dative	fogale	fogalon

Alternative forms

• vogal

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: vōgel
  • Dutch: vogel
    • Afrikaans: voël
      • → English: voël
    • Jersey Dutch: fœüxel
    • Negerhollands: vogel
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: fogul
    • →? Sranan Tongo: fowru, vol, vool
      • → Saramaccan: fóu
  • Limburgish: vogel, voeagel
  • West Flemish: veugel
  • Zealandic: veugel

Further reading

• “fogal”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Alternative forms

• fugal

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz, whence also Old English fugol, Old Norse fugl.

Noun

fogal m

1. bird

Declension

Declension of fogal (masculine a-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	fogal	fogala
accusative	fogal	fogala
genitive	fogales	fogalo
dative	fogale	fogalum
instrumental	fogalu	—

Derived terms

• fogalōn
• sēfogal

Descendants

• Middle High German: vogel
  • Alemannic German: Fogel, Vogel
  • Central Franconian: Vuggel, Vugel (Colognian Academy spelling); Vuul (scattered variant in Moselle Franconian)

    Hunsrik: Foghel

    Kölsch: Furrel

  • Cimbrian: vóoghel, bóoghel, vogl
  • German: Vogel
  • Luxembourgish: Vugel, Vull
  • Rhine Franconian:

    Pennsylvania German: Voggel

  • Vilamovian: föguł
  • Yiddish: פֿויגל (foygl)

Portuguese

Etymology

From fogo +‎ -al. Compare Medieval Latin focālis (“hearth tax”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /foˈɡaw/ [foˈɡaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuˈɡal/ [fuˈɣaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuˈɡal/ [fuˈɣaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuˈɡa.li/ [fuˈɣa.li]

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: fo‧gal

Noun

fogal m (plural fogais)

1. (historical, taxation) hearth tax, a tax levied on each household
   • 1853, François-René de Chateaubriand, Memorias d'alem da campa Volume 2, Typographia de J. Lourenço de Sousa, page 70:

     O focal (census pro singulis FOCIS exactus) era um censo, ou uma espécie de imposto, que os plebeus pagavam por cada fogo.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

• “fogal” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
• “fogal” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.