fogal

See also: Fogal

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

• vogal

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz.

Noun

fogal m

1. bird
   • 11th century, Hebban olla vogala:

     hebban olla vogala nestas hagunnan

     all birds have started to build their nests

Inflection

Declension of fogal (masculine a-stem noun)

case	singular	plural
nominative	fogal	fogala
accusative	fogal	fogala
genitive	fogales	fogalo
dative	fogale	fogalon

Descendants

• Middle Dutch: vōgel
  • Dutch: vogel, veugel (obsolete)
    • Afrikaans: voël
      • → English: voël
    • Jersey Dutch: fœüxel
    • Negerhollands: vogel
    • Skepi Creole Dutch: fogul
    • →? Sranan Tongo: fowru, vol, vool
      • → Saramaccan: fóu
  • Limburgish: vogel, voeagel
  • West Flemish: veugel
  • Zealandic: veugel

Further reading

• “fogal”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012

Old High German

Alternative forms

• fugal

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *fugl, from Proto-Germanic *fuglaz, whence also Old English fugol, Old Norse fugl.

Noun

fogal m

1. bird

Declension

Declension of fogal (masculine a-stem)

case	singular	plural
nominative	fogal	fogalā, fogala
accusative	fogal	fogalā, fogala
genitive	fogales	fogalo
dative	fogale	fogalum
instrumental	fogalu	—

Derived terms

• fogalōn
• sēfogal

Descendants

• Middle High German: vogel
  • Alemannic German: Fogel, Vogel
  • Central Franconian: Vuggel, Vugel (Colognian Academy spelling), Vuul (scattered variant in Moselle Franconian)

    Hunsrik: Foghel

    Kölsch: Furrel

  • Cimbrian: vóoghel, bóoghel, vogl
  • German: Vogel
  • Luxembourgish: Vugel, Vull
  • Rhine Franconian:

    Pennsylvania German: Voggel

  • Vilamovian: föguł
  • Yiddish: פֿויגל (foygl)

Portuguese

Etymology

From fogo +‎ -al. Compare Medieval Latin focālis (“hearth tax”).

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /foˈɡaw/ [foˈɡaʊ̯]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuˈɡal/ [fuˈɣaɫ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuˈɡal/ [fuˈɣaɫ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /fuˈɡa.li/ [fuˈɣa.li]

• Rhymes: (Portugal) -al, (Brazil) -aw
• Hyphenation: fo‧gal

Noun

fogal m (plural fogais)

1. (historical, taxation) hearth tax, a tax levied on each household
   • 1853, François-René de Chateaubriand, Memorias d'alem da campa Volume 2, Typographia de J. Lourenço de Sousa, page 70:

     O focal (census pro singulis FOCIS exactus) era um censo, ou uma espécie de imposto, que os plebeus pagavam por cada fogo.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

References

• “fogal”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2025
• “fogal”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2025