gûasem

Old Tupi

Alternative forms

• basem, mbasem, ûasem
• basẽ, gûasẽ (São Vicente)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani *wat͡sẽm, from Proto-Tupian *atẽm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡʷaˈsɛ̃m]
• Rhymes: -ɛ̃m
• Hyphenation: gûa‧sem

Verb

gûasem (first-person singular active indicative agûasem, first-person singular negative active indicative n'agûasemi, noun gûasema) (intransitive)

1. to arrive by land
2. to find; to locate [with supé ‘something’]

   Synonym: obaîtĩ

   • 1618, Antônio de Araújo, chapter VI, in Cateciſmo na Lingoa Braſilica [Catechism in the Brazilian Language], Livro Terceiro do Cathecismo, e summa da Doctrina Christam [… ] (overall work in Old Tupi, Portuguese, and Latin), Lisbon: Pedro Crasbeeck, page 59:

     Oporandubenhè, niangai paba amo çupe / Ogoacema ruã tè.

     [Oporandu benhẽ, n'i angaîpaba amõ supé ogûasema ruã-te.]

     Asked him again, but finding none of his malice.

Usage notes

• Old Tupi had three distinct verbs that translated to arrive, depending on the route taken: gûasem or syk when arriving by land and îepotar when arriving by water. With the evolution of the language and further contact with Portuguese, syk took the role of gûasem in Língua Geral, and by the 19th century the land–water difference no more existed.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of gûasem (intransitive, consonant ending) (See Appendix:Old Tupi verbs)

	Singular		Singular & Plural	Plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person exclusive	1st person inclusive	2nd person
Verbal forms
Active
Indicative	agûasem	eregûasem	ogûasem	orogûasem	îagûasem	pegûasem
Permissive	t'agûasem	t'eregûasem	t'ogûasem	t'orogûasem	t'îagûasem	ta pegûasem
Imperative		egûasem				pegûasem
Negative indicative	n'agûasemi	n'eregûasemi	n'ogûasemi	n'orogûasemi	n'îagûasemi	na pegûasemi
Negative permissive	t'agûasem umẽ	t'eregûasem umẽ	t'ogûasem umẽ	t'orogûasem umẽ	t'îagûasem umẽ	ta pegûasem umẽ
Negative imperative		egûasem umẽ				pegûasem umẽ
Gerund
Affirmative	gûigûasema	egûasema	ogûasema	orogûasema	îagûasema	pegûasema
Negative	gûigûaseme'yma	egûaseme'yma	ogûaseme'yma	orogûaseme'yma	îagûaseme'yma	pegûaseme'yma
Causative
Indicative	aîmogûasem	ereîmogûasem	oîmogûasem	oroîmogûasem	îaîmogûasem	peîmogûasem
Permissive	t'aîmogûasem	t'ereîmogûasem	t'oîmogûasem	t'oroîmogûasem	t'îaîmogûasem	ta peîmogûasem
Imperative		eîmogûasem				peîmogûasem
Negative indicative	n'aîmogûasemi	n'ereîmogûasemi	n'oîmogûasemi	n'oroîmogûasemi	n'îaîmogûasemi	na peîmogûasemi
Negative permissive	t'aîmogûasem umẽ	t'ereîmogûasem umẽ	t'oîmogûasem umẽ	t'oroîmogûasem umẽ	t'îaîmogûasem umẽ	ta peîmogûasem umẽ
Negative imperative		eîmogûasem umẽ				peîmogûasem umẽ
Causative-comitative
Indicative	arogûasem	ererogûasem	ogûerogûasem	orogûerogûasem	îarogûasem	perogûasem
Permissive	t'arogûasem	t'ererogûasem	t'ogûerogûasem	t'orogûerogûasem	t'îarogûasem	ta perogûasem
Imperative		emogûasem				perogûasem
Negative indicative	n'arogûasemi	n'ererogûasemi	n'ogûerogûasemi	n'orogûerogûasemi	n'îarogûasemi	na perogûasemi
Negative permissive	t'arogûasem umẽ	t'ererogûasem umẽ	t'ogûerogûasem umẽ	t'orogûerogûasem umẽ	t'îarogûasem umẽ	ta perogûasem umẽ
Negative imperative		emogûasem umẽ				perogûasem umẽ
Nominal forms
Infinitive
Affirmative	gûasema
Negative	gûaseme'yma
Causative-comitative
Affirmative	xe rerogûasema	nde rerogûasema	serogûasema	oré rerogûasema	îandé rerogûasema	pe rerogûasema
Negative	na xe rerogûasemi	na nde rerogûasemi	na serogûasemi	n'oré rerogûasemi	n'îandé rerogûasemi	na pe rerogûasemi
Circumstantial
Affirmative	xe gûasemi		i gûasemi	oré gûasemi	îandé gûasemi
Negative	xe gûaseme'ymi		i gûaseme'ymi	oré gûaseme'ymi	îandé gûaseme'ymi

Derived terms

• gûasemaba
• gûasembaba

 

Descendants

• Nheengatu: wasemu, wasema

References

• Eduardo de Almeida Navarro (2013) “gûasem”, in Dicionário de tupi antigo: a língua indígena clássica do Brasil [Dictionary of Old Tupi: the classical indigenous language of Brazil] (overall work in Portuguese), São Paulo: Global, →ISBN, page 136, column 1