gerundium

See also: Gerundium

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡɛrundɪjum]
• Hyphenation: ge‧run‧dium

Noun

gerundium n (relational adjective gerundiální or gerundijní)

1. (grammar) a gerund

Usage notes

Officially, there are no gerunds in the Czech language. However, verbal nouns (podstatná jména slovesná) constitute the equivalent, often even in translations of gerunds (i.e. jumping = skákání, moving = hýbání, creating = vytváření).

Declension

Declension of gerundium (semisoft neuter foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	gerundium	gerundia
genitive	gerundia	gerundií
dative	gerundiu	gerundiím
accusative	gerundium	gerundia
vocative	gerundium	gerundia
locative	gerundiu	gerundiích
instrumental	gerundiem	gerundii

Further reading

• “gerundium”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

Dutch

Etymology

From Latin gerundium, from gerundus (“which is to be carried out”), the gerundive of gerō (“bear, carry”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /ɣeːˈrʏn.di.ʏm/

Noun

gerundium n (plural gerundiums or gerundia, diminutive gerundiumpje n)

1. gerund

Latin

Etymology

From gerendus (“which is to be carried out”), future passive participle (gerundive) of gerō (“carry, bear”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ɡeˈrun.di.um/, [ɡɛˈrʊn̪d̪iʊ̃ˑ]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒeˈrun.di.um/, [d͡ʒeˈrun̪d̪ium]

Noun

gerundium n (genitive gerundiī or gerundī); second declension

1. (grammar) the gerund, in latin a verbal noun inflected in the accusative, genitive, dative and ablative cases used to convey different verbal meanings. Not to be confused with the gerundīvum (future passive participle).

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	gerundium	gerundia
genitive	gerundiī gerundī1	gerundiōrum
dative	gerundiō	gerundiīs
accusative	gerundium	gerundia
ablative	gerundiō	gerundiīs
vocative	gerundium	gerundia

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Derived terms

• gerundīvus

Related terms

• gerō
• gerula
• gerulum
• gerulus

Descendants

• Catalan: gerundi
• English: gerund
• Galician: xerundio
• German: Gerundium
• Greek: γερούνδιον (geroúndion)
• Italian: gerundio
• Portuguese: gerúndio
• Romanian: gerunziu
• Spanish: gerundio

References

• “gerundium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• gerundium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Polish

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin gerundium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɛˈrun.djum/
• Rhymes: -undjum
• Syllabification: ge‧run‧dium

Noun

gerundium n

1. (grammar) gerund

   Synonym: odsłownik

Declension

Declension of gerundium

	singular	plural
nominative	gerundium	gerundia
genitive	gerundium	gerundiów
dative	gerundium	gerundiom
accusative	gerundium	gerundia
instrumental	gerundium	gerundiami
locative	gerundium	gerundiach
vocative	gerundium	gerundia

Derived terms

adjective

• gerundialny

Further reading

• gerundium in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gerundium in Polish dictionaries at PWN