gian khổ

See also: gian khó

Vietnamese

Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 艱苦.

Pronunciation

• (Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zaːn˧˧ xo˧˩]
• (Huế) IPA^(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˧˨] ~ [jaːŋ˧˧ xow˧˨]
• (Saigon) IPA^(key): [jaːŋ˧˧ kʰow˨˩˦] ~ [jaːŋ˧˧ xow˨˩˦]

Noun

gian khổ

1. hardship; misery; adversity

   kinh qua nhiều gian khổ chông gai ― to go through a hard time

Adjective

gian khổ

1. hard; difficult; arduous