gnáth
Irish
editEtymology 1
editFrom Old Irish gnáth (“customary, usual”), from Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
edit- (Munster) IPA(key): /ɡn̪ˠɑː/
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /ɡɾˠɑː/, /ɡnˠɑː/
- Homophones: grá, gráigh (one pronunciation)
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ɡɾˠæː/
Noun
editgnáth m (genitive singular gnáith, nominative plural gnátha or gnáith)
- custom, usage
- customary thing
- frequentation
- haunt, resort
- (literary, in the plural) intimates, associates
Declension
editDeclension of gnáth
- Alternative declension
Declension of gnáth
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editAdjective
editgnáth (genitive singular masculine gnáth, genitive singular feminine gnáithe, plural gnátha)
- Alternative form of gnách
Declension
editDeclension of gnáth
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | gnáth | ghnáth | gnátha; ghnátha² | |
Vocative | ghnáth | gnátha | ||
Genitive | gnáithe | gnátha | gnáth | |
Dative | gnáth; ghnáth¹ |
ghnáth; ghnáth (archaic) |
gnátha; ghnátha² | |
Comparative | níos gnáithe | |||
Superlative | is gnáithe |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Mutation
editIrish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
gnáth | ghnáth | ngnáth |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
edit- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gnáth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “gnáth”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
Old Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editgnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem)
- customary
- usual
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31b11
- Is gnád radat gói.
- It is usual for them to tell lies.
- Sechtae, published in Ancient Laws of Ireland: Uraicecht Becc and Certain Other Selected Brehon Law Tracts (1901, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited and with translations by W. Neilson Hancock, Thaddeus O'Mahony, Alexander George Richey, and Robert Atkinson, vol. 5, pp. 117-373, page 238
- A[t]·táit secht ngella la Feine [...] timthach fir is gnáth a ndail,
- There are seven pledges with the Feine [...] [including] the clothes of a man who is frequent at assemblies,
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31b11
Inflection
edito/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | gnáth | gnáth | gnáth |
Vocative | gnáith* gnáth** | ||
Accusative | gnáth | gnáith | |
Genitive | gnáith | gnáithe | gnáith |
Dative | gnáth | gnáith | gnáth |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | gnáith | gnátha | |
Vocative | gnáthu gnátha† | ||
Accusative | gnáthu gnátha† | ||
Genitive | gnáth | ||
Dative | gnáthaib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Derived terms
editDescendants
editNoun
editgnáth m (nominative plural gnáith)
Inflection
editMasculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | — | — | gnáithL |
Vocative | — | — | gnáthuH |
Accusative | — | — | gnáthuH |
Genitive | — | — | gnáthN |
Dative | — | — | gnáthaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Mutation
editOld Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
gnáth | gnáth pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ngnáth |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Categories:
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish terms with homophones
- Irish lemmas
- Irish nouns
- Irish masculine nouns
- Irish literary terms
- Irish first-declension nouns
- Irish adjectives
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵneh₃-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish adjectives
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish o/ā-stem adjectives
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish masculine nouns
- Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns
- Old Irish pluralia tantum