gnáth
Irish edit
Etymology 1 edit
From Old Irish gnáth (“customary, usual”), from Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
Alternative forms edit
Pronunciation edit
- (Munster) IPA(key): /ɡn̪ˠɑː/
- (Connacht) IPA(key): /ɡɾˠɑː/, /ɡnˠɑː/
- Homophones: grá, gráigh (one pronunciation)
- (Ulster) IPA(key): /ɡɾˠæː/
Noun edit
gnáth m (genitive singular gnáith, nominative plural gnátha or gnáith)
- custom, usage
- customary thing
- frequentation
- haunt, resort
- (literary, in the plural) intimates, associates
Declension edit
Declension of gnáth
- Alternative declension
Declension of gnáth
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Adjective edit
gnáth (genitive singular masculine gnáth, genitive singular feminine gnáithe, plural gnátha)
- Alternative form of gnách
Declension edit
Declension of gnáth
Singular | Plural (m/f) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
Nominative | gnáth | ghnáth | gnátha; ghnátha² | |
Vocative | ghnáth | gnátha | ||
Genitive | gnáithe | gnátha | gnáth | |
Dative | gnáth; ghnáth¹ |
ghnáth; ghnáth (archaic) |
gnátha; ghnátha² | |
Comparative | níos gnáithe | |||
Superlative | is gnáithe |
¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.
Mutation edit
Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Eclipsis |
gnáth | ghnáth | ngnáth |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading edit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “gnáth”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “gnáth” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
Old Irish edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Celtic *gnātos (“known, usual”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₃-tós, past participle of *ǵneh₃- (“to know”).
Pronunciation edit
Adjective edit
gnáth (comparative gnáthiu, superlative gnáithem)
- customary
- usual
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31b11
- Is gnád radat gói.
- It is usual for them to tell lies.
- Sechtae, published in Ancient Laws of Ireland: Uraicecht Becc and Certain Other Selected Brehon Law Tracts (1901, Dublin: Stationery Office), edited and with translations by W. Neilson Hancock, Thaddeus O'Mahony, Alexander George Richey, and Robert Atkinson, vol. 5, pp. 117-373, page 238
- A[t]·táit secht ngella la Feine [...] timthach fir is gnáth a ndail,
- There are seven pledges with the Feine [...] [including] the clothes of a man who is frequent at assemblies,
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31b11
Inflection edit
o/ā-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | gnáth | gnáth | gnáth |
Vocative | gnáith* gnáth** | ||
Accusative | gnáth | gnáith | |
Genitive | gnáith | gnáithe | gnáith |
Dative | gnáth | gnáith | gnáth |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine/neuter | |
Nominative | gnáith | gnátha | |
Vocative | gnáthu gnátha† | ||
Accusative | gnáthu gnátha† | ||
Genitive | gnáth | ||
Dative | gnáthaib | ||
Notes | *modifying a noun whose vocative is different from its nominative **modifying a noun whose vocative is identical to its nominative |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Noun edit
gnáth m (nominative plural gnáith)
Inflection edit
Masculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | — | — | gnáithL |
Vocative | — | — | gnáthuH |
Accusative | — | — | gnáthuH |
Genitive | — | — | gnáthN |
Dative | — | — | gnáthaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Mutation edit
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
gnáth | gnáth pronounced with /ɣ(ʲ)-/ |
ngnáth |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |