gostwng

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *uɸo-exs-stong-, equivalent to go- +‎ reflex of Proto-Indo-European *stengʷ-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɔsdʊŋ/, [ˈɡɔstʊŋ]
• Rhymes: -ɔsdʊŋ

Verb

gostwng (first-person singular present gostyngaf)

1. (transitive) to lessen, to lower, to reduce

   Synonym: lleihau

2. (intransitive) to bow, to curtsy

Conjugation

Conjugation (literary)

	singular			plural			impersonal
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present indicative/future	gostyngaf	gostyngi	gostwng, gostynga	gostyngwn	gostyngwch	gostyngant	gostyngir
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional	gostyngwn	gostyngit	gostyngai	gostyngem	gostyngech	gostyngent	gostyngid
preterite	gostyngais	gostyngaist	gostyngodd	gostyngasom	gostyngasoch	gostyngasant	gostyngwyd
pluperfect	gostyngaswn	gostyngasit	gostyngasai	gostyngasem	gostyngasech	gostyngasent	gostyngasid, gostyngesid
present subjunctive	gostyngwyf	gostyngych	gostyngo	gostyngom	gostyngoch	gostyngont	gostynger
imperative	—	gostwng, gostynga	gostynged	gostyngwn	gostyngwch	gostyngent	gostynger
verbal noun	gostwng
verbal adjectives	gostyngedig gostyngadwy

Conjugation (colloquial)

Inflected colloquial forms	singular			plural
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	gostynga i, gostyngaf i	gostyngi di	gostyngith o/e/hi, gostyngiff e/hi	gostyngwn ni	gostyngwch chi	gostyngan nhw
conditional	gostyngwn i, gostyngswn i	gostynget ti, gostyngset ti	gostyngai fo/fe/hi, gostyngsai fo/fe/hi	gostyngen ni, gostyngsen ni	gostyngech chi, gostyngsech chi	gostyngen nhw, gostyngsen nhw
preterite	gostyngais i, gostynges i	gostyngaist ti, gostyngest ti	gostyngodd o/e/hi	gostyngon ni	gostyngoch chi	gostyngon nhw
imperative	—	gostynga	—	—	gostyngwch	—
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh.

Derived terms

• gostyngaidd (“humble, meek, lowly”)
• gostyngedig (“humble, meek, lowly”)
• gostyngiad (“lowering, reduction, decrease”)
• gostyngydd (“subjugator, abaser; depressant”)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gostwng	ostwng	ngostwng	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.