hníga

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hníga, from Proto-Germanic *hnīganą, *hnīwaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈn̥iːɣa/

  Rhymes: -iːɣa

Verb

hníga (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hneig, third-person plural past indicative hnigu, supine hnigið)

1. to sink, slump down, fall or collapse slowly

Conjugation

hníga — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að hníga
supine (sagnbót)		hnigið
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		hnígandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég hníg	við hnígum	present (nútíð)	ég hnígi	við hnígum
	þú hnígur	þið hnígið		þú hnígir	þið hnígið
	hann, hún, það hnígur	þeir, þær, þau hníga		hann, hún, það hnígi	þeir, þær, þau hnígi
past (þátíð)	ég hneig / hné	við hnigum	past (þátíð)	ég hnigi	við hnigjum
	þú hneigst / hnést	þið hniguð		þú hnigir	þið hnigjuð
	hann, hún, það hneig / hné	þeir, þær, þau hnigu		hann, hún, það hnigi	þeir, þær, þau hnigju
imperative (boðháttur)	hníg (þú)	hnígið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	hnígðu	hnígiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

hniginn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	hniginn	hnigin	hnigið		hnignir	hnignar	hnigin
accusative (þolfall)	hniginn	hnigna	hnigið		hnigna	hnignar	hnigin
dative (þágufall)	hnignum	hniginni	hnignu		hnignum	hnignum	hnignum
genitive (eignarfall)	hnigins	hniginnar	hnigins		hniginna	hniginna	hniginna
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)				plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)		masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	hnigni	hnigna	hnigna		hnignu	hnignu	hnignu
accusative (þolfall)	hnigna	hnignu	hnigna		hnignu	hnignu	hnignu
dative (þágufall)	hnigna	hnignu	hnigna		hnignu	hnignu	hnignu
genitive (eignarfall)	hnigna	hnignu	hnigna		hnignu	hnignu	hnignu

Note: the past forms hné, hnést are much less common than hneig, hneigst, and are considered archaic.

References

• Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)

Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hnīganą, *hnīwaną.

Verb

hníga (singular past indicative hné, plural past indicative hnigu, past participle hniginn)

1. to fall gently, sink down
2. to flow

   Synonym: fljóta

3. to sink down; fall dead
4. to incline, turn
5. (with til + genitive) to turn towards

Conjugation

Conjugation of hníga — active (strong class 1)

infinitive	hníga
present participle	hnígandi
past participle	hniginn
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	hníg	hneig, hné
2nd-person singular	hnígr	hneigt, hnétt
3rd-person singular	hnígr	hneig, hné
1st-person plural	hnígum	hnigum
2nd-person plural	hnígið	hniguð
3rd-person plural	hníga	hnigu
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	hníga	hniga
2nd-person singular	hnígir	hnigir
3rd-person singular	hnígi	hnigi
1st-person plural	hnígim	hnigim
2nd-person plural	hnígið	hnigið
3rd-person plural	hnígi	hnigi
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	hníg
1st-person plural	hnígum
2nd-person plural	hnígið

Conjugation of hníga — mediopassive (strong class 1)

infinitive	hnígask
present participle	hnígandisk
past participle	hnigizk
indicative	present	past
1st-person singular	hnígumk	hnigumk
2nd-person singular	hnígsk	hneigzk, hnézk
3rd-person singular	hnígsk	hneigsk, hnésk
1st-person plural	hnígumsk	hnigumsk
2nd-person plural	hnígizk	hniguzk
3rd-person plural	hnígask	hnigusk
subjunctive	present	past
1st-person singular	hnígumk	hnigumk
2nd-person singular	hnígisk	hnigisk
3rd-person singular	hnígisk	hnigisk
1st-person plural	hnígimsk	hnigimsk
2nd-person plural	hnígizk	hnigizk
3rd-person plural	hnígisk	hnigisk
imperative	present
2nd-person singular	hnígsk
1st-person plural	hnígumsk
2nd-person plural	hnígizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: hníga
• Faroese: níga
• Norwegian Bokmål: nige
• Old Swedish: nīgha
  • Swedish: niga
    • → Finnish: niiata

References

• “hníga”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press