hníga
Icelandic edit
Etymology edit
From Old Norse hníga, from Proto-Germanic *hnīganą, *hnīwaną.
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
hníga (strong verb, third-person singular past indicative hneig, third-person plural past indicative hnigu, supine hnigið)
Conjugation edit
hníga — active voice (germynd)
| infinitive (nafnháttur) |
að hníga | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| supine (sagnbót) |
hnigið | ||||
| present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar) |
hnígandi | ||||
| indicative (framsöguháttur) |
subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur) | ||||
| present (nútíð) |
ég hníg | við hnígum | present (nútíð) |
ég hnígi | við hnígum |
| þú hnígur | þið hnígið | þú hnígir | þið hnígið | ||
| hann, hún, það hnígur | þeir, þær, þau hníga | hann, hún, það hnígi | þeir, þær, þau hnígi | ||
| past (þátíð) |
ég hneig / hné | við hnigum | past (þátíð) |
ég hnigi | við hnigjum |
| þú hneigst / hnést | þið hniguð | þú hnigir | þið hnigjuð | ||
| hann, hún, það hneig / hné | þeir, þær, þau hnigu | hann, hún, það hnigi | þeir, þær, þau hnigju | ||
| imperative (boðháttur) |
hníg (þú) | hnígið (þið) | |||
| Forms with appended personal pronoun | |||||
| hnígðu | hnígiði * | ||||
| * Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred. | |||||
hniginn — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
| strong declension (sterk beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
hniginn | hnigin | hnigið | hnignir | hnignar | hnigin | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
hniginn | hnigna | hnigið | hnigna | hnignar | hnigin | |
| dative (þágufall) |
hnignum | hniginni | hnignu | hnignum | hnignum | hnignum | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
hnigins | hniginnar | hnigins | hniginna | hniginna | hniginna | |
| weak declension (veik beyging) |
singular (eintala) | plural (fleirtala) | |||||
| masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) |
masculine (karlkyn) |
feminine (kvenkyn) |
neuter (hvorugkyn) | ||
| nominative (nefnifall) |
hnigni | hnigna | hnigna | hnignu | hnignu | hnignu | |
| accusative (þolfall) |
hnigna | hnignu | hnigna | hnignu | hnignu | hnignu | |
| dative (þágufall) |
hnigna | hnignu | hnigna | hnignu | hnignu | hnignu | |
| genitive (eignarfall) |
hnigna | hnignu | hnigna | hnignu | hnignu | hnignu | |
Note: the past forms hné, hnést are much less common than hneig, hneigst, and are considered archaic.
References edit
- Ásgeir Blöndal Magnússon — Íslensk orðsifjabók, (1989). Reykjavík, Orðabók Háskólans. (Available on Málið.is under the “Eldra mál” tab.)
Old Norse edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Germanic *hnīganą, *hnīwaną.
Verb edit
hníga (singular past indicative hné, plural past indicative hnigu, past participle hniginn)
- to fall gently, sink down
- to flow
- Synonym: fljóta
- to sink down; fall dead
- to incline, turn
- (with til + genitive) to turn towards
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of hníga — active (strong class 1)
| infinitive | hníga | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | hnígandi | |
| past participle | hniginn | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | hníg | hneig, hné |
| 2nd-person singular | hnígr | hneigt, hnétt |
| 3rd-person singular | hnígr | hneig, hné |
| 1st-person plural | hnígum | hnigum |
| 2nd-person plural | hnígið | hniguð |
| 3rd-person plural | hníga | hnigu |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | hníga | hniga |
| 2nd-person singular | hnígir | hnigir |
| 3rd-person singular | hnígi | hnigi |
| 1st-person plural | hnígim | hnigim |
| 2nd-person plural | hnígið | hnigið |
| 3rd-person plural | hnígi | hnigi |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | hníg | |
| 1st-person plural | hnígum | |
| 2nd-person plural | hnígið | |
Conjugation of hníga — mediopassive (strong class 1)
| infinitive | hnígask | |
|---|---|---|
| present participle | hnígandisk | |
| past participle | hnigizk | |
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | hnígumk | hnigumk |
| 2nd-person singular | hnígsk | hneigzk, hnézk |
| 3rd-person singular | hnígsk | hneigsk, hnésk |
| 1st-person plural | hnígumsk | hnigumsk |
| 2nd-person plural | hnígizk | hniguzk |
| 3rd-person plural | hnígask | hnigusk |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st-person singular | hnígumk | hnigumk |
| 2nd-person singular | hnígisk | hnigisk |
| 3rd-person singular | hnígisk | hnigisk |
| 1st-person plural | hnígimsk | hnigimsk |
| 2nd-person plural | hnígizk | hnigizk |
| 3rd-person plural | hnígisk | hnigisk |
| imperative | present | |
| 2nd-person singular | hnígsk | |
| 1st-person plural | hnígumsk | |
| 2nd-person plural | hnígizk | |
Descendants edit
References edit
- “hníga”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press