honnir
French
editEtymology
editFrom Middle French honnir, from Old French honir, from Vulgar Latin *haunīre (“shame, dishonor”), from Frankish *haunijan (“humble, humiliate”) (whence also honte), from Proto-Germanic *haunijaną (“to make low, humble”), from Proto-Indo-European *kaw- (“to be evil, make evil”).
Cognate with Old High German hōnen (“to humble”), Middle Dutch honen (“to dishonour, debauch, corrupt”), Old English hīenan (“to humble, abase”), Gothic 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌰𐌽 (haunjan, “to humiliate, abase”).
Pronunciation
edit- (aspirated h) IPA(key): /ɔ.niʁ/
Audio: (file)
Verb
edithonnir
- (transitive) to shame; to disgrace; to dishonor
Conjugation
editThis is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | honnir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | honnissant /ɔ.ni.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | honni /ɔ.ni/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
honnit /ɔ.ni/ |
honnissons /ɔ.ni.sɔ̃/ |
honnissez /ɔ.ni.se/ |
honnissent /ɔ.nis/ |
imperfect | honnissais /ɔ.ni.sɛ/ |
honnissais /ɔ.ni.sɛ/ |
honnissait /ɔ.ni.sɛ/ |
honnissions /ɔ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
honnissiez /ɔ.ni.sje/ |
honnissaient /ɔ.ni.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
honnit /ɔ.ni/ |
honnîmes /ɔ.nim/ |
honnîtes /ɔ.nit/ |
honnirent /ɔ.niʁ/ | |
future | honnirai /ɔ.ni.ʁe/ |
honniras /ɔ.ni.ʁa/ |
honnira /ɔ.ni.ʁa/ |
honnirons /ɔ.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
honnirez /ɔ.ni.ʁe/ |
honniront /ɔ.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | honnirais /ɔ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
honnirais /ɔ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
honnirait /ɔ.ni.ʁɛ/ |
honnirions /ɔ.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
honniriez /ɔ.ni.ʁje/ |
honniraient /ɔ.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | honnisse /ɔ.nis/ |
honnisses /ɔ.nis/ |
honnisse /ɔ.nis/ |
honnissions /ɔ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
honnissiez /ɔ.ni.sje/ |
honnissent /ɔ.nis/ |
imperfect2 | honnisse /ɔ.nis/ |
honnisses /ɔ.nis/ |
honnît /ɔ.ni/ |
honnissions /ɔ.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
honnissiez /ɔ.ni.sje/ |
honnissent /ɔ.nis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | honnis /ɔ.ni/ |
— | honnissons /ɔ.ni.sɔ̃/ |
honnissez /ɔ.ni.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Further reading
edit- “honnir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- French terms derived from Frankish
- French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms with aspirated h
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French transitive verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -ir
- French second group verbs