insurger

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin īnsurgere.

Pronunciation

Audio: (file)

Verb

insurger

(reflexive) to rise up, to protest (against)

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written insurge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of insurger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	compound	avoir + past participle
infinitive	simple	insurger
present participle or gerund¹	simple	insurgeant /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɑ̃/
present participle or gerund¹	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		insurgé /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/	insurges /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/	insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/	insurgeons /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɔ̃/	insurgez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/	insurgent /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/
	imperfect	insurgeais /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/	insurgeais /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/	insurgeait /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/	insurgions /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	insurgiez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒje/	insurgeaient /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛ/
	past historic²	insurgeai /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/	insurgeas /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/	insurgea /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/	insurgeâmes /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒam/	insurgeâtes /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒat/	insurgèrent /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɛʁ/
	future	insurgerai /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	insurgeras /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	insurgera /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁa/	insurgerons /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/	insurgerez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁe/	insurgeront /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	insurgerais /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	insurgerais /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	insurgerait /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/	insurgerions /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	insurgeriez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁje/	insurgeraient /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior²	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/	insurges /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/	insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/	insurgions /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒjɔ̃/	insurgiez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒje/	insurgent /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/
(simple tenses)	imperfect²	insurgeasse /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/	insurgeasses /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/	insurgeât /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa/	insurgeassions /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	insurgeassiez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒa.sje/	insurgeassent /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
(compound tenses)	pluperfect²	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	~~nous~~	~~vous~~	–
simple		—	insurge /ɛ̃.syʁʒ/	—	insurgeons /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒɔ̃/	insurgez /ɛ̃.syʁ.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
¹ The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
² In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Related terms

insurrection