jwd

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iuːd/
  • Conventional anglicization: iud

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive or reflexive) to part, to separate (+ r: from)

Inflection

Conjugation of jwd (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jwd, geminated stem: jwdd

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jwd	jwdw, jwd	jwdt	jwd	jwd

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jwd	ḥr jwd	m jwd	r jwd

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	jwd.n	jwdw, jwd	consecutive	jwd.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	jwdt
perfective3	jwd	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	jwd.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	jwd	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	jwd	jwdd	potentialis1	jwd.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	jwd	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jwd.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	jwd	active + .tj1, .tw2	jwd	jwd, jwdw5, jwdy5
imperfective	jwd, jwdy, jwdw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	jwd, jwdj6, jwdy6	jwd, jwdw5
prospective	jwd, jwdtj7	—	jwdtj4, jwdt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 171, 386.