kalja
EstonianEdit
NounEdit
kalja
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *kalja (from earlier *kaleja or *kaleta), from an early Indo-European language; compare Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-u-t- (“beer”) (Proto-Slavic *olъ, Proto-Germanic *alu, Old Prussian alu, Old Armenian աւղի (awłi)). Akin to olut, a later borrowing from Baltic or Germanic, and to Estonian kali.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
kalja
- (colloquial) beer
- short for kotikalja
- kvass
Usage notesEdit
The difference between kalja and Russian or Ukrainian kvass is that the former is made from malt whereas kvass is usually made of bread. Due to the similarity, also kvass is often called kalja in Finnish.
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection of kalja (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | kalja | kaljat | |
| genitive | kaljan | kaljojen | |
| partitive | kaljaa | kaljoja | |
| illative | kaljaan | kaljoihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | kalja | kaljat | |
| accusative | nom. | kalja | kaljat |
| gen. | kaljan | ||
| genitive | kaljan | kaljojen kaljainrare | |
| partitive | kaljaa | kaljoja | |
| inessive | kaljassa | kaljoissa | |
| elative | kaljasta | kaljoista | |
| illative | kaljaan | kaljoihin | |
| adessive | kaljalla | kaljoilla | |
| ablative | kaljalta | kaljoilta | |
| allative | kaljalle | kaljoille | |
| essive | kaljana | kaljoina | |
| translative | kaljaksi | kaljoiksi | |
| instructive | — | kaljoin | |
| abessive | kaljatta | kaljoitta | |
| comitative | — | kaljoineen | |
| Possessive forms of kalja (type kala) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | kaljani | kaljamme |
| 2nd person | kaljasi | kaljanne |
| 3rd person | kaljansa | |
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
CompoundsEdit
compounds