kalps
Latvian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Old East Slavic холпь (xolpĭ, “serf, slave”) (cf. Russian холоп (xolop)), itself a borrowing from Turkic (or, according to some researchers, a native word, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kel-, *skel- “offshoot, seedlings, stem”). The borrowing must have happened by the 13th century at the latest; the first mentions of this word are in 17th-century dictionaries.[1]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editkalps m (1st declension, feminine form: kalpone)
- farmhand, farm laborer, servant (a paid worker in a farm)
- strādāt par kalpu ― to work as a farmhand
- muižas kalpi ― the mannor's laborers
- pieņemt, atlaist, algot kalpus ― to accept, to dismiss, to hire servants
- kalpu klēts ― the servants' barn (= house)
- kalpa ļaudis ― farm workers (lit. farmhand people)
- kāds kungs, tāds kalps ― like lord, like servant (folk saying)
- kalpi bija laukstrādnieki, kas salīguši strādāt pie saimniekiem par algu (graudā, vēlāk arī daļēji naudā) ― farmhands were rural workers who were hired to work for a farmer for wages (paid in grain, later also partially in money)
- (figuratively) servant (a person who works for some interest or cause)
- deputāts ir tautas kalps ― a congressman is a servant of the people
- dieva kalps ― a servant of god (e.g., a priest)
- tumsas kalpi ― servants of darkness
- (card games) jack, knave (the card between 10 and queen, with the image of a young man)
- pīķa kalps ― the jack of spades
- kapteinis sāka dalīt kārtis, un Vilks izklaidīgi ņēma tās pretī... tur bija viens kalps un trīs dāmas ― the captain began to deal the cards, and Vilks distractedly took them... there were one jack and three queens
Declension
editDeclension of kalps (1st declension)
Related terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “kalps”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Categories:
- Latvian etymologies from LEV
- Latvian terms borrowed from Old East Slavic
- Latvian terms derived from Old East Slavic
- Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latvian words with level intonation
- Latvian terms with audio pronunciation
- Latvian lemmas
- Latvian nouns
- Latvian masculine nouns
- Latvian terms with usage examples
- lv:Card games
- Latvian first declension nouns