machina
French edit
Pronunciation edit
- IPA(key): /ma.ʃi.na/
- Homophones: machinas, machinât
Verb edit
machina
- third-person singular past historic of machiner
Italian edit
Noun edit
machina f (plural machine)
Latin edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Doric Greek μᾱχανᾱ́ (mākhanā́, “machine, tool”) (compare Attic Greek μηχανή (mēkhanḗ)). Apparently a rather early borrowing, considering the vowel reduction of unstressed /a/ to /ĭ/.
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈmaː.kʰi.na/, [ˈmäːkʰɪnä]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈma.ki.na/, [ˈmäːkinä]
Noun edit
māchina f (genitive māchinae); first declension
- machine
- specifically, a war machine, military engine, siege engine
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.45–48:
- “Aut hoc inclūsī lignō occultantur Achīvī,
aut haec in nostrōs fabricāta est māchina mūrōs,
īnspectūra domōs ventūraque dēsuper urbī,
aut aliquis latet error [...].”- “Either the Grecian [warriors], having enclosed [themselves] in this wood[en horse], are hiding [there], or else they have built a [war] machine [for use] against our walls, to watch [our] homes and reach [our] city from above, or it conceals some other deception [...].” – Laocoön
(See: Roman siege engines.)
- “Either the Grecian [warriors], having enclosed [themselves] in this wood[en horse], are hiding [there], or else they have built a [war] machine [for use] against our walls, to watch [our] homes and reach [our] city from above, or it conceals some other deception [...].” – Laocoön
- “Aut hoc inclūsī lignō occultantur Achīvī,
- specifically, a war machine, military engine, siege engine
- scheme, plan, machination
- mill[1]
Declension edit
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | māchina | māchinae |
| Genitive | māchinae | māchinārum |
| Dative | māchinae | māchinīs |
| Accusative | māchinam | māchinās |
| Ablative | māchinā | māchinīs |
| Vocative | māchina | māchinae |
Derived terms edit
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
Learned borrowings:
- → Albanian: makinë
- → Arabic: ماكينة (mākīna)
- → Central Kurdish: مەکینە (mekîne)
- → Asturian: máquina
- → Catalan: màquina
- → Egyptian Arabic: مكنة (makana)
- → Friulian: màchine
- → Galician: máquina
- → Hebrew: מכונה (mkhoná)
- → Hijazi Arabic: مَكِينَة (makīna)
- → Italian: macchina, machina
- → Middle French: machine
- → Norman: machinne
- → Occitan: maquina
- → Polish: machina
- → Portuguese: máquina
- → Romansch: maschina, maschegna
- → Sicilian: màchina
- → Spanish: máquina (see there for further descendants)
References edit
- Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911) “machĭna”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 376
- ^ Adams, J. N. (2007) The regional diversification of Latin, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 486
Further reading edit
- “machina”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “machina”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- machina in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- machina in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- machina in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[1], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Polish edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Latin māchina, from Doric Ancient Greek μᾱχᾰνᾱ́ (mākhanā́). Doublet of maszyna (“machine”).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
machina f
Declension edit
Declension of machina
Further reading edit
Portuguese edit
Noun edit
machina f (plural machinas)
- Pre-reform spelling (until Brazil 1943/Portugal 1911) of máquina.