plan

See also: PLAN, Plan, plán, plån, and pláň

Contents

English

Etymology

Borrowed from French plan (“a ground-plot of a building”), from plan (“flat”), a later form of the vernacular plain, from Latin planus (“flat, plane”); see plain, plane.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plæn/
• (US regional) IPA^(key): [plɛən]

  • Audio (US)

    (file)

• Rhymes: -æn

Noun

plan (plural plans)

1. A drawing showing technical details of a building, machine, etc., with unwanted details omitted, and often using symbols rather than detailed drawing to represent doors, valves, etc.

   The plans for many important buildings were once publicly available.

2. A set of intended actions, usually mutually related, through which one expects to achieve a goal.

   He didn't really have a plan; he had a goal and a habit of control.

3. A two-dimensional drawing of a building as seen from above with obscuring or irrelevant details such as roof removed, or of a floor of a building, revealing the internal layout; as distinct from the elevation.

   Seen in plan, the building had numerous passageways not apparent to visitors.

4. A method; a way of procedure; a custom.
   • Wordsworth

     The simple plan, / That they should take who have the power, / And they should keep who can.

5. A subscription to a service.

   a phone plan

   an Internet plan

Usage notes

• A plan ("set of intended actions") can be developed, executed, implemented, ignored, abandoned, scrapped, changed, etc.

Synonyms

• (drawing of a building from above): floor plan

Derived terms

terms derived from plan (noun)

• battleplan
• floor plan
• business plan
• development plan
• marketing plan
• masterplan
• game plan

• contingency plan
• action plan
• escalation plan
• lesson plan
• plan A
• plan B
• price plan
• rate plan

Related terms

• (2-dimensional drawing of a building) blueprint

Translations

technical drawing

• Belarusian: план m (plan), чарцёж m (čarcjóž)
• Catalan: pla m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 設計圖 (zh), 设计图 (zh) (shèjìtú)

• Czech: plán (cs) m
• Dutch: schema (nl) n, ontwerp (nl) n
• Finnish: kaava (fi), kaavapiirros
• French: schema (fr) m
• Georgian: სქემა (skema), ნახაზი (naxazi), პროექტი (ṗroekṭi), გეგმა (gegma)
• German: Plan (de) m
• Greek: σχέδιο (el) n (schédio)
• Hungarian: tervrajz (hu)
• Japanese: 設計図 (せっけいず, sekkeizu), 図解 (ja) (ずかい, zukai)
• Korean: 설계도 (ko) (seolgyedo)

• Luxembourgish: Plang m
• Maori: hoahoa
• Persian: پلان‎ (fa) (plân)
• Polish: schemat (pl) m
• Portuguese: planta (pt) f
• Russian: план (ru) m (plan), чертёж (ru) m (čertjóž)
• Slovene: načrt (sl) m
• Spanish: plano (es) m
• Swahili: mkakati (sw)
• Swedish: plan (sv) c
• Thai: แบบแปลน (bɛ̀ɛp-bpɛn)
• Turkish: plan (tr)
• Ukrainian: план m (plan)
• Zulu: isakhiwo class 7/8

set of intended actions

• Arabic: خِطَّة‎ f (ḵiṭṭa), خُطَّة‎ f (ḵuṭṭa)

  Egyptian Arabic: خطة‎ f (xeṭa)

• Belarusian: план m (plan)
• Bulgarian: план (bg) m (plan)
• Burmese: အစီအစဉ် (my) (a.cia.cany)
• Catalan: pla m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 計劃 (zh), 计划 (zh) (jìhuà)

• Chuukese: kokkot
• Czech: plán (cs) m
• Dutch: plan (nl) n
• Finnish: suunnitelma (fi)
• French: plan (fr) m
• Georgian: გეგმა (gegma)
• German: Plan (de) m
• Greek: σχέδιο (el) n (schédio)
• Hebrew: תוכנית‎ (he) f
• Hindi: योजना (hi) f (yojnā), प्रोग्राम (hi) m (progrām)
• Hungarian: terv (hu)
• Icelandic: áætlun (is) f
• Indonesian: rencana (id)

• Irish: plean m
• Italian: piano (it) m, programma (it) m, progetto (it) m
• Japanese: 計画 (ja) (けいかく, keikaku), プラン (ja) (puran)
• Korean: 계획 (ko) (gyehoek) (計劃 (ko))
• Latin: cōnsilium n
• Maori: mahere
• Meru: mubango
• Persian: پلان‎ (fa) (plân)
• Polish: plan (pl) m
• Portuguese: plano (pt) m
• Russian: план (ru) m (plan)
• Slovene: načrt (sl) m
• Spanish: plan (es) m
• Swahili: mpango (sw)
• Swedish: plan (sv) c
• Thai: แผน (th) (pɛ̌ɛn)
• Turkish: plan (tr)
• Ukrainian: план m (plan)
• Vietnamese: kế hoạch (vi)
• Zulu: icebo (zu) class 5/6, isu class 5/6, iqhinga class 5/6

2-dimensional drawing from above

• Catalan: pla m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 平面圖 (zh), 平面图 (zh)

• Czech: půdorys m
• Dutch: ontwerp (nl) n, plan (nl) n
• Finnish: pohjakaava, pohjapiirros (fi)
• French: plan (fr) m
• German: Plan (de) m
• Greek: σχέδιο (el) n (schédio)

• Indonesian: denah (id)
• Polish: plan (pl) m
• Portuguese: planta (pt) f
• Russian: план (ru) m (plan), чертёж (ru) m (čertjóž)
• Slovene: tloris m
• Spanish: plano (es) m
• Swahili: mkakati (sw)
• Swedish: plan (sv) n
• Thai: พิมพ์เขียว (pim-kǐao)

subscription plan

• Finnish: liittymä (fi)

• French: forfait mobile m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Arabic: خطَة‎
• German: Grundriss m (1, of buildings), Schema n (1), Plan m (1, 2)
• Ido: projeto, programo

• Swahili: mpango, mipango pl (noun 3/4) (1,2)
• Telugu: ప్రణాళిక (praNaaLika)

Verb

plan (third-person singular simple present plans, present participle planning, simple past and past participle planned)

1. (transitive) To design (a building, machine, etc.).

   The architect planned the building for the client.

2. (transitive) To create a plan for.

   They jointly planned the project in phases, with good detail for the first month.

3. (intransitive) To intend.
   • 2013 August 10, “Can China clean up fast enough?”, in The Economist, volume 408, number 8848:

     It has jailed environmental activists and is planning to limit the power of judicial oversight by handing a state-approved body a monopoly over bringing environmental lawsuits.

   He planned to go, but work intervened.

4. See plan on.

   I was planning on going, but something came up.

5. (intransitive) To make a plan.

   They planned for the worst, bringing lots of emergency supplies.

Usage notes

• This is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs

Derived terms

• planner
• plan on
• plan out

Translations

to design

• Dutch: ontwerpen (nl)
• Finnish: suunnitella (fi)
• Galician: proxectar, deseñar (gl)
• German: anlegen (de), planen (de)
• Greek: σχεδιάζω (el) (schediázo)
• Hungarian: tervez (hu)
• Italian: progettare (it)
• Japanese: 設計する (せっけいする, sekkeisuru), 計画する (keikaku-suru)
• Mandarin: 設計 (zh) (she4 ji4)

• Polish: projektować (pl)
• Portuguese: planear (pt) (Portugal), planejar (pt) (Brazil)
• Russian: разраба́тывать (ru) impf (razrabátyvatʹ), разрабо́тать (ru) pf (razrabótatʹ)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: planowaś impf

• Swahili: mkakati (sw)
• Swedish: projektera (sv)
• Turkish: planlamak (tr)

to create a plan for

• Arabic: خَطَّطَ‎ (ḵaṭṭaṭa)
• Armenian: ծրագրել (hy) (cragrel)
• Assamese: পাং (paṅ)
• Catalan: planejar
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 計劃 (zh), 计划 (jìhuà)

• Czech: plánovat
• Dutch: ontwerpen (nl), plannen (nl)
• Finnish: suunnitella (fi)
• French: projeter (fr)
• Galician: argallar (gl)
• Georgian: დაგეგმვა (dagegmva)
• German: planen (de)
• Greek: σχεδιάζω (el) (schediázo)
• Hungarian: tervez (hu)
• Indonesian: berencana (id)
• Interlingua: projectar

• Italian: progettare (it), pianificare (it), architettare (it), inventare (it)
• Japanese: 計画する (けいかくする, keikaku suru)
• Korean: 계획하다 (ko) (gyehoekhada)
• Malay: merancang
• Maori: mahere
• Meänkieli: planeerata
• Norman: plianner
• Norwegian: planlegge (no)
• Polish: planować (pl)
• Portuguese: planear (pt) (Portugal), planejar (pt) (Brazil)
• Russian: плани́ровать (ru) (planírovatʹ)
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: planowaś impf

• Spanish: planear (es)
• Swahili: mkakati (sw)
• Swedish: planera (sv)
• Thai: วางแผน (th) (waang-pɛ̌ɛn), วางแผนการ

to intend

• Armenian: ծրագրել (hy) (cragrel), պլանավորել (hy) (planavorel)
• Catalan: planejar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 打算 (zh) (dǎsuan)

• Czech: plánovat
• Dutch: van plan zijn, plannen (nl)
• Finnish: suunnitella (fi), aikoa (fi), kaavailla (fi)
• French: prévoir (fr)
• Galician: argallar (gl)
• Georgian: განზრახვა (ka) (ganzraxva)
• German: planen (de), vorhaben (de)
• Greek: σχεδιάζω (el) (schediázo)
• Hebrew: תכנן‎, יזם‎ (he)
• Hindi: प्रोग्राम बनाना (progrām banānā)
• Hungarian: tervez (hu)

• Icelandic: ætla (is)
• Indonesian: berencana (id)
• Italian: pianificare (it), organizzarsi (it)
• Japanese: つもりである (tsumori dearu)
• Polish: planować (pl)
• Portuguese: pretender (pt)
• Russian: плани́ровать (ru) (planírovatʹ)
• Slovene: načrtovati
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: planowaś impf

• Spanish: planear (es), pensar, pretender
• Swahili: mkakati (sw)
• Swedish: planera (sv)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} projekti
• Ido: projetar

• Swahili: kupanga (1,2,3)
• Volapük: ^{(please verify)} desinön (vo)

Further reading

• plan in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
• plan in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911.

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Dutch

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /plɑn/

Noun

plan n (plural plannen, diminutive plannetje n)

1. A set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal.
2. A technical drawing.
3. A detailed map.

Derived terms

• stadsplan
• van plan zijn

Verb

plan

1. first-person singular present indicative of plannen
2. imperative of plannen

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French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plɑ̃/

• audio

  (file)

• Homophone: plans

Etymology 1

From earlier plant, derived from the verb planter. Doublet of plant.

Noun

plan m (plural plans)

1. plan
2. map (schematic maps of streets, subways, etc.)
3. plane (both flat surface and mathematical plane)
4. (film) shot
5. (slang, dated) A small case inserted in the rectum in order to hide one's valuables from a full-body search.

Derived terms

terms derived from plan (noun)

• planifier
• planification
• plan d'eau
• plan de cuisson
• plan de travail
• plan d'urgence
• plan d'épargne
• plan de faille
• plan de vol
• plan fixe

• plan directeur
• plan comptable
• plan incliné
• plan de niveau
• plan rapproché
• gros plan
• bon plan
• plan A
• plan B

Descendants

• German: Plan

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Latin plānus. Doublet of plain, which was inherited, and piano.

Adjective

plan (feminine singular plane, masculine plural plans, feminine plural planes)

1. planar

Further reading

• “plan” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Friulian

Etymology

From Latin plānus.

Adjective

plan

1. flat, level, plane

Related terms

• planc

See also

• plac
• vualîf

Noun

plan m (plural plans)

1. plane
2. plan

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German

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -aːn

Adjective

plan (comparative planer, superlative am plansten)

1. planar

Declension

Positive forms of plan

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist plan	sie ist plan	es ist plan	sie sind plan
strong declension (without article)	nominative	planer	plane	planes	plane
	genitive	planen	planer	planen	planer
	dative	planem	planer	planem	planen
	accusative	planen	plane	planes	plane
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der plane	die plane	das plane	die planen
	genitive	des planen	der planen	des planen	der planen
	dative	dem planen	der planen	dem planen	den planen
	accusative	den planen	die plane	das plane	die planen
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein planer	eine plane	ein planes	(keine) planen
	genitive	eines planen	einer planen	eines planen	(keiner) planen
	dative	einem planen	einer planen	einem planen	(keinen) planen
	accusative	einen planen	eine plane	ein planes	(keine) planen

Comparative forms of plan

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist planer	sie ist planer	es ist planer	sie sind planer
strong declension (without article)	nominative	planerer	planere	planeres	planere
	genitive	planeren	planerer	planeren	planerer
	dative	planerem	planerer	planerem	planeren
	accusative	planeren	planere	planeres	planere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der planere	die planere	das planere	die planeren
	genitive	des planeren	der planeren	des planeren	der planeren
	dative	dem planeren	der planeren	dem planeren	den planeren
	accusative	den planeren	die planere	das planere	die planeren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein planerer	eine planere	ein planeres	(keine) planeren
	genitive	eines planeren	einer planeren	eines planeren	(keiner) planeren
	dative	einem planeren	einer planeren	einem planeren	(keinen) planeren
	accusative	einen planeren	eine planere	ein planeres	(keine) planeren

Superlative forms of plan

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	all genders
predicative		er ist am plansten	sie ist am plansten	es ist am plansten	sie sind am plansten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	planster	planste	planstes	planste
	genitive	plansten	planster	plansten	planster
	dative	planstem	planster	planstem	plansten
	accusative	plansten	planste	planstes	planste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der planste	die planste	das planste	die plansten
	genitive	des plansten	der plansten	des plansten	der plansten
	dative	dem plansten	der plansten	dem plansten	den plansten
	accusative	den plansten	die planste	das planste	die plansten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein planster	eine planste	ein planstes	(keine) plansten
	genitive	eines plansten	einer plansten	eines plansten	(keiner) plansten
	dative	einem plansten	einer plansten	einem plansten	(keinen) plansten
	accusative	einen plansten	eine planste	ein planstes	(keine) plansten

Further reading

• plan in Duden online

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin planum, via German Plan

Noun

plan m (definite singular planen, indefinite plural planer, definite plural planene)

1. a plan
2. a level or plane

Derived terms

Terms derived from plan

• planarbeid
• plankart
• planlegge
• planovergang
• ruteplan

References

• “plan” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plaːn/ (example of pronunciation)

Etymology 1

From German Plan, from Latin planum.

Noun

plan n (definite singular planet, indefinite plural plan, definite plural plana)

1. plane
2. level

Derived terms

• planovergang

Etymology 2

Noun

plan m (definite singular planen, indefinite plural planar, definite plural planane)

1. a plan

   Kva er planen din?

   What's your plan?

Derived terms

• planarbeid
• plankart
• ruteplan

Etymology 3

From Latin planus.

Adjective

plan (masculine and feminine plan, neuter plant, definite singular and plural plane, comparative planare, indefinite superlative planast, definite superlative planaste)

1. plane, flat

References

• “plan” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Occitan

Noun

plan m (plural plans)

1. plan (a drawing showing technical details of a building)
2. plan (a set of intended actions)

Adjective

plan m (feminine singular plana, masculine plural plans, feminine plural planas)

1. flat

   Synonym: planièr

Adverb

plan

1. well

   Antonym: mal

2. very, quite

   Synonym: fòrça

Further reading

• Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians, 2 edition, →ISBN, page 754.

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plan/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

plan m inan

1. plan
2. set (scenery for a film or play)

Declension

declension of plan

	singular	plural
nominative	plan	plany
genitive	planu	planów
dative	planowi	planom
accusative	plan	plany
instrumental	planem	planami
locative	planie	planach
vocative	planie	plany

Further reading

• plan in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plâːn/
• Rhymes: -âːn

Noun

plȃn m (Cyrillic spelling пла̑н)

1. plan

Declension

Declension of plan

	singular	plural
nominative	plȃn	plȁnovi
genitive	plana	planova
dative	planu	planovima
accusative	plan	planove
vocative	plane	planovi
locative	planu	planovima
instrumental	planom	planovima

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Spanish

Etymology

From plano.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /plan/, [plãn]

Noun

plan m (plural planes)

1. plan
2. intention
3. (colloquial) mood
   • Vamos en plan rómantico.

     We’re going in a romantic mood.

Related terms

• llano
• planificar
• planificación
• plana, plano
• planilla
• plantilla

Descendants

• → Basque: plan

Further reading

• “plan” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• audio

  (file)

Adjective

plan (comparative planare, superlative planast)

1. flat; horizontal (of a surface)

Declension

Inflection of plan
Indefinite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative2
Common singular	plan	planare	planast
Neuter singular	plant	planare	planast
Plural	plana	planare	planast
Definite	Positive	Comparative	Superlative
Masculine singular1	plane	planare	planaste
All	plana	planare	planaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.

Noun

plan n

1. (mathematics) a plane; flat surface.
2. a plane; level of existence
   • astralplan
     • astral plane
3. an aeroplane

Declension

Declension of plan
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	plan	planet	plan	planen
Genitive	plans	planets	plans	planens

Synonyms

• (aeroplan): flygplan

Derived terms

• biplan
• monoplan
• triplan

See also

• sluttande plan
• lutande plan

Noun

plan c

1. a drawing showing how to construct a building, machine, etc.
2. a set of intended actions, through which one expects to achieve a goal.

Declension

Declension of plan
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	plan	planen	planer	planerna
Genitive	plans	planens	planers	planernas

Derived terms

• planera
• planering
• planlägga
• stadsplan

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Volapük

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [plan]

Noun

plan (plural plans)

1. plant (botany)

Declension

declension of plan

	singular	plural
nominative	plan	plans
genitive	plana	planas
dative	plane	planes
accusative	plani	planis
vocative 1	o plan!	o plans!
predicative 2	planu	planus

• ¹ status as a case is disputed
• ² in some later, non-classical Volapük only

Derived terms

Terms derived from plan

• barberaplan (cf. barber)
• besäplanam
• besäplanan
• (transitive) besäplanön
• bimiplanam
• bimiplanan
• bimiplanön
• bimüliplanam
• boragaplan (cf. borag)
• boragaplans
• deplanamatim
• deplanot
• deplanotastafädil
• dämabaplan
• fesülaplan
• frutaplan
• gerumaplan (cf. gerum)
• hiplan
• hiplanik
• jadaplan
• jiplan
• jiplanik
• klätaplan
• klätaplanavul
• komenaplan
• kölümipolaplan
• lebränaplan
• lelaplan (cf. lel)

• labiataplan (cf. labiat)
• ligumaplan(cf. ligum)
• lindigotaplan
• lirisdaplan (cf. lirisd)
• lumaplan
• nümfeadaplan (cf. nümfead)
• maäntaplan
• marädaplan
• melaplan
• niminulüdamaplan
• papilionaplan (cf. papilion)
• planabid
• planagnob
• planam
• planamaläd
• planaskretot
• planavaet
• planavanik
• planavik
• planaviko
• planavön
• planem
• platen, Platanus
• planibrid
• planibridan
• planibridöp

• planibridöp se sid
• planidabridöp
• planihibridan
• planijibridan
• planik
• planil
• planön
• primulaplan (cf. primul)
• pronimplan
• rabarbaplan (cf. rabarb)
• rabarbaplanavul
• ridiplanam
• rosadaplan
• rutadaplan
• rutadaplans
• rüdafloraplan
• safranakrokileplanän
• sanaplan
• säplanam
• säplanamacop
• säplanamajüp
• säplanamalecop
• säplanan
• sidaplan
• spadigaplan
• tedrilaplan
• venenaplan
• vitidadeplanot
• voulaplan

See also

• brid
• bridön
• dämabanim
• dämabanäsäk
• futaplant
• hinim
• hinimik
• jinim
• jinimik
• lif
• lifav
• lifavan
• lifavik
• lifaviko
• lifik
• nim
• nimav
• nimem
• nimik
• plant
• plantag, plantago