nàna

See also: Appendix:Variations of "nana"

Kari'na

Alternative forms

• àna (West Suriname)

Etymology

From Proto-Cariban *apina, apparently with the addition of an unknown initial element n-, which only appears in some dialects. Compare Apalaí yna, Trió anja, Wayana emna, epna, Waiwai amna, Ye'kwana nña, Akawaio ina, Macushi anna, Pemon ina.

Pronunciation

• (Venezuela) IPA^(key): [naʔna]
• (East Suriname) IPA^(key): [naʔna]

Pronoun

nàna (Guyana, East Suriname, Venezuela)

1. the first-person exclusive dual pronoun; he and I, she and I, it and I.
2. the first-person exclusive plural pronoun; they and I, we (exclusive)

Usage notes

This pronoun acts in many ways like a third-person pronoun; verbs agreeing with it take third-person agreement, and it may be referred back to by the third-person coreferential/reflexive prefix ty-.

Inflection

Kari'na personal pronouns

	singular	dual	plural
first person exclusive	awu	nàna, ànaW	nàna, ànaW
first person inclusive	—	kỳko, kymoroV	kỳkaro(n), kymonjároV
second person	amoro	—	amyjaro(n), amonjároV
third person	(use demonstratives)
V. Venezuelan dialect. W. West Surinamese dialect.

References

• Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary‎^[1], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, pages 52–54, 323
• Meira, Sérgio (2002) “A first comparison of pronominal and demonstrative systems in the Cariban language family”, in Mily Crevels, Simon van de Kerke, Sergio Meira and Hein van der Voort, editors, Current Studies on South American Languages‎^[2], Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and American Studies (CNWS), Leiden University, →ISBN, pages 255–275
• Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “ana”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 83; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes‎^[3], Paris, 1956, page 85